HONDROS NUR 212 EXAM 1 LATEST 2024 -2025
WITH 250 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS)
ALREADY GRADED A+( BRAND NEW!!)
What are the warning signs of cancer?-Change in bowel or bladder habits.-A sore that does not heal.-Unusual bleeding or discharge from any body orifice.-Thickening or a lump in the breast or elsewhere.-Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing.-Obvious change in a wart or mole.-Nagging cough or hoarseness.A patient is being treated with chemotherapy for breast cancer. The patient's meal tray was just delivered. What foods would the nurse remove from the tray?
1.Roast beef with gravy 2.Salad with ranch dressing 3.Steamed vegetables 4.Chocolate cake - ANSWER-Salad with ranch dressing What are some problems caused by chemotherapy and radiation therapy?-Hyperuricemia -Cardiotoxicity -Pericarditis and Myocarditis -Fatigue -Anorexia -Constipation -Diarrhea -Hepatotoxicty -Nausea and Vomiting 1 / 4
-Stomatitis, Mucositis, and Esophagitis -Hemorrhagic Cystitis -Nephrotoxicity -Reproductive Problems -Anemia -Leukopenia -Thrombocytopenia -Alopecia -Chemotherapy-Induced Skin Changes -Radiation Skin Changes (dry to moist desquamation) -Cognitive Changes ("chemo brain") -Intracranial Pressure -Peripheral Neuropathy -Pneumonitis What are some examples of oncologic emergencies?-Spinal Cord Compression -Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS) -Third Space Syndrome -Hypercalcemia -Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) -Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) -Cardiac Tamponade -Carotid Artery Rupture What are the manifestations of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome?-Facial edema, periorbital edema -Distention of veins of head, neck, and chest -Headache- seizures -Mediastinal mass on chest x-ray
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What are the differences of cancer in men than women?-More men than women die from cancer-related deaths each year.-Mortality rate from lung cancer is higher in men (26%.) -Cancer with the highest incidence among men is prostate cancer (19%.) -Men are more likely to develop liver cancer.-Head and neck cancers occur more often in men.What are the differences of cancer in women than men?-Cancer with the highest death rate among women is lung cancer (25%.) -Cancer with the highest incidence among women is breast cancer (30%.) -Thyroid cancer is more prevalent in women.-Women are less likely to have colon cancer screenings.What does it mean if a tumor has a Grade I Histologic rating?Cells differ slightly from normal cells (mild dysplasia) and are well differentiated (low grade.) What does it mean if a tumor has a Grade II Histologic rating?Cells are more abnormal (moderate dysplasia) and moderately differentiated (intermediate grade.) What does it mean if a tumor has a Grade III Histologic rating?Cells are very abnormal (severe dysplasia) and poorly differentiated (high grade.) What does it mean if a tumor has a Grade IV Histologic rating?Cells are immature, primitive (anaplasia), and undifferentiated; cell of origin is hard to determine (high grade.) What does it mean if a tumor has a Grade X Histologic rating?Grade cannot be assessed.What does a Stage 0 cancer indicate?Cancer in situ.What does a Stage I cancer indicate?Tumor limited to the tissue of origin; localized tumor growth.What does a Stage II cancer indicate? 3 / 4
Limited local spread.What does a Stage III cancer indicate?Extensive local and regional spread.What does a Stage IV cancer indicate?Metastasis (spread of the cancer to a distant site.) What should you teach patients and the public about cancer prevention and early detection?-Limit alcohol use.-Get regular physical activity (e.g., 30 minutes or more of moderate physical activity 5 times weekly.) -Maintain a normal body weight.-Have regular physical examinations.-Obtain regular colorectal screenings.-Avoid cigarette smoking and other tobacco use.-Get regular mammography screening and Pap tests.-Be familiar with your own family history and risk factors for cancer.-Obtain adequate, consistent periods of rest (at least 6 to 8 hours per night.) -Use sunscreen with a sun protection factor of 15 or higher. Avoid the use of tanning beds.-Eliminate, reduce or change the perception of stressors and enhance the ability to effectively cope with stress.-Eat a balanced diet that includes vegetables and fresh fruits, whole grains, and adequate amounts of fiber. Reduce dietary fat and preservatives, including smoked and salt-cured meats with high nitrate concentrations.What are factors that affect how patients cope with cancer?-Ability to cope with stressful events in the past.-Ability to express feelings and concerns.-Age at the time of diagnosis.-Attitude associated with the cancer.-Availability of significant other.-Disruption of body image.-Extent of disease.
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