HOSA HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 2024 ACTUAL
EXAM ALL 190 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS )
|ALREADY GRADED A+
What happens when genes mutate? - ANSWER- They normally become the basis for some form of disease.
What are single-gene diseases? - ANSWER- This results from an individual mutant gene and may cause a failure to create something necessary.
What are some examples of single-gene diseases? - ANSWER- Cystic Fibrosis, Hemophilia, Albinism, Huntingtons disease
What are chromosomal diseases? What are the categories? - ANSWER- This disease is a result of chromosomal breakage, abnormal chromosome, or a missing chromosome. They two categories are trisomy and monosomy.
What are examples of nonfatal chromosomal diseases? - ANSWER- Down syndrome and Turner syndrome
What is gene therapy? - ANSWER- The treatment of single-cell disease by replacing the mutant gene.
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What are genetic engineering and recombinant DNA? - ANSWER- Recombinant DNA is the imitation and artificial manipulation of DNA.With recombinant DNA, scientist hope to replace defective genes with copies of healthy genes.
How long does prenatal development last? - ANSWER- 38 weeks from conception to birth
What happens during the zygote period? - ANSWER- The is during the first 2 weeks of pregnancy and is when the zygote travels from the Fallopian tube to the uterus and implants itself in the uterine wall, here is where the amnion forms. Near the end of the 2 weeks the placenta is developed.
What happens during the embryonic period? - ANSWER- This period is from the 2nd weeks to the 8th week. Three layers of cells develop (1.Ectoderm Layer: Skin and nervous system, 2. Mesoderm: Muscle,
skeleton, cardiovascular system, and other organs, 3. Endoderm:
Digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, and glands.). Heart begins to pump blood. During the second half of this period facial features, arms, legs, fingers, and toes begin to form.
What happens during the fetal period? - ANSWER- This is during the 9th week to birth. During this period, organs, muscles, and the nervous system begins to organize. Lungs begin to expand and contract to simulate breathing. External genitals are distinguishable. Fingernails, toenails, and eyelids form. After 18 weeks babies movement can be felt by the mother. After 20 weeks baby can hear and react to sound. After 24 weeks brain neurons are developed. After 25-38 weeks the cerebral 2 / 3
cortex continues to develop and fetus gains a layer of fat, ultimately adding 5 pounds to the babies weight. The fetus receives antibodies from the mothers blood to protect it from illness until its own immune system forms.
What is the age of viability? - ANSWER- When a fetus has a chance to live outside the womb and survive. Normally from 25-38 weeks.
What are teratogens? What are some examples? - ANSWER- Environmental substances that may cause damage during prenatal
development. Examples: medications, drugs, alcohol, and pollution
Why should a mother consult a doctor after taking any medication? - ANSWER- Some medications can cause low birth weight, low intelligence, and death.
What is Fetal alcohol syndrome? - ANSWER- This is a serious effect due to a mother consuming alcohol during pregnancy. This can cause mental retardation, poor attention, and hyperactivity.
What are some non-teratogenic health concerns? - ANSWER- Nutrition, anxiety, miscarriage, chromosomal defects, medical care, mothers age, good incompatibility
What is considered the neonatal period? - ANSWER- The first 4 weeks of life
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