HOSA Pathophysiology Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions pathology - Correct Answer the scientific study of disease asymptomatic - Correct Answer without symptoms syndrome - Correct Answer A group of symptoms typical of a particular disease or condition symptoms - Correct Answer subjective findings signs - Correct Answer objective findings predisposing factors - Correct Answer risk factors; make a person vulnerable to a disease chronic - Correct Answer A condition that develops slowly and lasts a long period of time acute - Correct Answer A condition with a rapid onset with a short course (less than 6 months) ending in recovery or death pathogenesis - Correct Answer the stages of development of a disease C-reactive protein - Correct Answer protein produced by the liver, levels of CRP increase when inflammation is present in the body; a blood test can be done to detect inflammation in the body Widespread inflammation - Correct Answer marked by systemic symptoms, such as fever, malaise, and loss of appetite, elevated white blood cells ESR - Correct Answer Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; measures the rate that red blood cells fall to the bottom of a tube in mm/hr. Rate is higher w/ autoimmune disorders. Measures amount of inflammation in the body, can be used to help with diagnoses.Acute inflammation - Correct Answer a normal, protective physiologic response to tissue injury and disease; is accompanied by redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function 1 / 3
ischemia - Correct Answer holding back/obstructing the flow of blood exudative response/ inflammation exudate - Correct Answer attempts to wall off, or destroy, and digest bacteria and dead/foreign material; this in tissues causes swelling and the excess fluid puts pressure on tissue and nerve endings, causing pain.phagocytic - Correct Answer the process in which cells surround and digest certain particles Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Correct Answer "superbug" that is to blame for aggressive skin & soft tissue infections, quickly developing into abscesses and cellulitis; sometimes called "flesh-eating bacteria".autosomes - Correct Answer the 22 remaining pairs of chromosomes genotype - Correct Answer an organism's genetic makeup karyotype - Correct Answer a display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape phenotype - Correct Answer an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.autosomal dominant - Correct Answer the gene in question is located on an autosome & the mutant phenotype is seen even if a normal gene is present (eg- Huntington's and Marfan's syndrome) autosomal recessive - Correct Answer gene located on an autosome but is insufficient to produce mutant phenotype unless both genes are inherited (eg- cystic fibrosis & phenylketonuria).X-linked (sex linked) - Correct Answer recessive; the gene is located only on the X chromosome: more common in males. (eg- Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and hemophilia A).neoplasm - Correct Answer A new growth of different or abnormal tissue, such as a tumor or wart; can be benign or malignant cancer - Correct Answer a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation 2 / 3
carcinoma - Correct Answer cancer of the epithelial cells sarcoma - Correct Answer cancer of the supportive tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle.leukemia - Correct Answer cancer of the blood-forming organs. Bone marrow, spleen, lymph system, characterized by abnormal increase of WBCs melanoma - Correct Answer cancer of the melanin-producing cells of the body (skin cancer) benign tumors - Correct Answer slow growth by expansion, encapsulated; cells adhere to e/o; well differentiated & resemble origin; remain localized, no destruction, no hemorrhage, may be smooth and movable, rare recurrence malignant tumor - Correct Answer rapid growth & invasive; not differentiated & abnormal; ulceration
& necrosis & hemorrhage: often recur.
metastasis - Correct Answer spreading of a malignant disease or pathogenic microbe from one organ or part to another not directly connected to it.cancer stage - Correct Answer reflects tumor size and extent of tumor spread: helps determine choice of treatment options and prognosis; method that institutions use to communicate patient information for standardization.neoadjuvant therapy - Correct Answer administered to preoperatively shrink the tumor to facilitate surgical removal of a tumor.ablation - Correct Answer the removal, especially of organs, abnormal growths, or harmful substances, from the body by mechanical means, as by surgery.oncogenes - Correct Answer a gene in a virus that can prompt a cell to turn malignant immune disorders may generate one of three effects: - Correct Answer hypersensitivity (allergy), autoimmune diseases(immune system is overactive and kills its own cells), immunodeficiency disorders (immune system is absent or reduced activity)
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