HROB 2090 Midterm- Ch3 Questions with Correct

HROB 2090 Midterm- Ch3 Questions with Correct Answers Which of the following statements most accurately defines "perception"?

• Perception is reality.
• Perception is the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts and feelings to others.
• Perception is the tendency to generalize about people and ignore variations between individuals.
• Perception is the process by which motives are assigned to explain people's behaviour.
• Perception is the process of interpreting messages of our senses to provide meaning - Correct

Answer E) Perception is the process of interpreting messages of our senses to provide meaning The three main components of perception are

• selectivity, constancy, and primacy.
• primacy, recency, and projection.
• perceiver, situation, and target.
• perceiver, situation, and projection.
• perceiver, target, and attribution. - Correct Answer C) perceiver, situation, and target.

Perceptual defence is

• the tendency for the perceptual system to defend the perceiver against unpleasant emotions.
• the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts and feelings to others.
• the tendency to generalize about people and ignore variations between individuals.
• the process by which motives are assigned to explain people's behaviour.
• the process of interpreting messages of our senses to provide meaning. - Correct Answer A) the

tendency for the perceptual system to defend the perceiver against unpleasant emotions.What aspects of a perceiver can affect his or her perceptions of a target? - Correct Answer Experience, needs, and emotions 1 / 4

Nicole believes that her presentation was very good even though she overheard some of her friends say that it was the worst in the class. What is this an example of? - Correct Answer Perceptual defence Projection is the tendency to act differently from the way we feel; to put on a false face, so to speak.

• Correct Answer False

Perceptual defence is defined as - Correct Answer the failure to perceive unpleasant emotions.The perceiver's experience, needs, and ________ can affect his or her perceptions of a target. - Correct Answer emotions Define "perception." - Correct Answer Perception is the process of interpreting the messages of our senses to provide order and meaning to the environment.What are the 3 main components of perception? - Correct Answer Its three main components are the perceiver, a target that is being perceived, and a situational context in which the perception is occurring.What is perceptual defence? Give an example - Correct Answer Perceptual defence is the tendency for the perceptual system to defend the perceiver against unpleasant emotions. It occurs whenever we "see what we want to see" or "hear what we want to hear." A good example is when an individual fails to see and hear negative things about themselves that are threatening.According to Bruner's model of the perceptual process, when an unfamiliar target is encountered, we are likely to be ________ to target cues. Once the target has been categorized, however, we become ________ selective in our cue search.

• open; more
• closed; more
• open; less
• closed; less
• selective; consistent - Correct Answer A) open; more 2 / 4

Paul met a salesperson for the first time. His first impression was that she was pushy, as were most people in sales that Paul had encountered in the past. According to Bruner's model of the perceptual process, Paul is most likely to

• seek out cues that contradict his first impression.
• change his perception as soon as new cues become evident.
• select cues that confirm his first impression.
• recategorize the target.
• form a stereotype about the salesperson. - Correct Answer C) select cues that confirm his first

impression.According to Bruner's model of perception, we are most open to cues about a target

• when the target is first encountered.
• when the target has been categorized.
• when the target is very familiar to us
• when we already have a lot of information about the target.
• once the categorization has been strengthened. - Correct Answer A) when the target is first

encountered.According to social identity theory, our sense of self is composed of a

• personal identity and relational identity.
• personal identity and social identity.
• social identity and relational identity.
• self identity and social identity.
• social identity and normative identity. - Correct Answer B) personal identity and social identity.

Prototypes refer to

• members of a social category who best represent the attributes of that category.
• our unique personal characteristics, such as our interests, abilities, and traits. 3 / 4

• our perception that we belong to various social groups, such as our gender, nationality, and so on.
• the most typical attributes embodied by members that belong to a social category.
• social categories that we use to categorize people such as gender, religion, and so on. - Correct

Answer D) the most typical attributes embodied by members that belong to a social category.Which of the following best represents the notion that social identities are relational and comparative?

• Medical students are perceived as doctors by patients in the hospital but as children by their

parents.

• Medical students are perceived as doctors by patients in the hospital but as students by their

professors in the classroom.

• Medical students are perceived as doctors by patients in the hospital but as students by

themselves.

• Medical students are perceived as students by patients in the hospital and as students by their

professors in the classroom.

• Medical students are perceived as students by patients in the hospital before they graduate, but as

doctors by the same patients after they have graduated. - Correct Answer B) Medical students are perceived as doctors by patients in the hospital but as students by their professors in the classroom.Our sense of self is composed of a self-identity and a social identity. - Correct Answer False Personal identity is based on our unique characteristics, such as our interests, abilities, and traits. - Correct Answer True Social identity is based on our perception that we are similar to many other individuals. - Correct Answer False Your interest in music and your musical talents can contribute to your personal identity. - Correct Answer True Your gender, religion, and occupation are important in the formation of your personal identity. - Correct Answer False A prototype is a member of a social category who is easy to identify and categorize - Correct Answer False

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