Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

• / 4

• / 4

Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

• Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
• The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
• The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
• The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell

compartment.

• The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two

potassium ions.

• In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in

the presence of oxygen?

• Dissipation of pyruvic acid
• Initiation of the citric acid cycle
• Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A
• Creation of acidosis via lactic acid
• How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?

1. 2

2. 3

3. 34

4. 53

• Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
• Ribosomes
• Mitochondria
• Ribonucleic acids
• Deoxyribonucleic acids
• Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
• Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
• There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
• The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
• Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
• When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
• During endoplasmic reticulum stress
• During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
• During a severe hypoxic state
• During the processing of prohormone
• Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
• Cilia
• Microfilaments

• / 4

• Secretory vesicles
• Endoplasmic reticula
• Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
• Actin and myosin
• Prohormone and tubulin
• Tubulin and actin
• Myosin and prohormone
• Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
• Proteasome
• Peroxisome
• Macrophage
• Lysosomal enzymes
• Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
• Accumulation of ganglioside
• Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis
• Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity
• Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system
• Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
• During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
• During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
• During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
• During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
• A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely to be

involved?

• Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
• Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
• Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
• Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular component

is examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferred?

• Transfer RNA
• Ribosomal RNA
• Double helix of DNA
• Mitochondrial DNA
• A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, steep

climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?

• Cellular hypoxia
• Autolysis
• Heterolysis
• Cellular edema

• / 4