II: Module 7 Exam 2022

Portage Learning Anatomy & Physiology

II: Module 7 Exam 2022

True or False: The bladder drains into the ureters. - correct answerfalse

A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the T5 level, with no spinal cord injury. Would you suspect the kidneys to be damaged? Why or why not? - correct answerNo, the kidneys lie between the T-12 and L-3 Describe the consistency and purpose of the renal fascia. - correct answerThe outer renal fascia is dense fibrous connective tissue which keeps the kidney in place inside the abdominal cavity.Name the layer and the parts of the nephrons located in the region highlighted in green, below. - correct answerLocated within the cortex are the glomerular capsule and the distal and proximal convoluted tubule sections of the nephrons.These arteries flow in between the renal pyramids. - correct answerA. Afferent

• Lobar
• Interlobular

D.Arcuate

• Correct Answer Interlobar
• Renal

After filtration occurs, next blood travels into these vessels. - correct answerA. Correct!Efferent arteriole

• Lobar veins
• Interlobular veins
• Arcuate artery
• Interlobar vein
• Vasa recta

Name the region in the diagram below, indicated by the red arrow. - correct answerDCT (Distal convoluted tubule) Which of the following is false about the location of the bladder? - correct answerA. In males, the bladder is anterior to the rectum.

• In females, the bladder is posterior to the uterus.
• In females, the bladder is in between the rectum and the uterus.
• In males, the bladder is above the prostate gland.

Correct! E. B&C are false

• A&D are false 1 / 2

Describe the purposes of the urethral sphincters. - correct answer● The involuntary- controlled internal urethral sphincter is located near the bladder and keeps the urethra closed to prevent urine from leaving the bladder.● The voluntary-controlled external urethral sphincter, composed of skeletal muscle, surrounds the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor.A patient was just placed under general anesthesia. He is now awake and telling you he is having a hard time excreting urine. What is most likely causing the difficulty? - correct answerA. Incontinence due to stroke

• Incontinence due to dementia
• Urinary retention due to spinal cord injury
• Bladder outlet obstruction
• Correct! Urinary retention due to slowed detrusor muscle

This region of the male urethra exits the body. - correct answerA. Correct! Spongy

• Prostatic
• Membranous
• Ejaculatory duct
• Ureters

What causes the extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries? - correct answerThe afferent arteriole, which is fed by the interlobular artery, is much larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole. The difference in diameter causes an extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.Micturition can be controlled consciously because of: - correct answerA. Voluntary control over the internal sphincter

• Involuntary control over the internal sphincter
• Correct! Voluntary control over the external sphincter
• Involuntary control over the external sphincter
• Voluntary control over the visceral reflex arc

F. None of the above: micturition cannot be voluntarily controlled

This is the pressure that depends upon a person's blood pressure from the heart and

vessels: - correct answerA. Colloid osmotic pressure

• Capsular pressure
• Net filtration pressure
• Glomerular filtration rate
• Correct! Hydrostatic pressure

Calculate the net filtration pressure for your patient given the following values. Show your work. (Not all values listed may be used).

• Colloid osmotic pressure = 25
• Capsular pressure= 15
• Hydrostatic pressure = 50
• GFR= 120 - correct answer(Outgoing forces - incoming forces)
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