INSY 2303 Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Processor - Correct Answer integrated circuit is a super-thin slice of semiconducting material packed with microscopic circuit elements, such as wires, transistors, capacitors, logic gates, and resistors.Usually these circuits are found in microprocessors.ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) - Correct Answer performs arithmetic operations, such as addition and subtraction, as well as logical operations, such as comparing two numbers to see if they are the same Control Unit - Correct Answer The other main component of a CPU, which fetches each instruct giving the ALU the start to begin processing.Digital Device - Correct Answer Devices that use electronic circuits to represent data. Examples include computers, iPods, game systems, televisions, cameras, cars, and appliances.Binary Digits - Correct Answer Consists of only two digits:0 and 1. Allows digital devices to represent virtually any number simply by using 0s and 1s.Compiler - Correct Answer converts all the statements in a program in a single batch, and the resulting collection of instructions, called object code, is placed in a new executable file often resulting in a fast more efficient program.Interpreter - Correct Answer converts and executes one statement at a time while the program is running resulting in a more flexible program. Interpreters are good for programs that change constantly.Personal Computers - Correct Answer A microprocessor-based computing digital device designed to meet the computing needs of an individual, which provides access to a wide variety of applications, such as word processing, photo editing, and e-mail.Mainframe - Correct Answer a large and expensive computer capable of simultaneiously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users generally used by businesses and governments to provide centralized storage, processing, and management for large amounts of data. Perfect for reliability, security and centralized control purposes. 1 / 2
Supercomputer - Correct Answer The fastest and most expensive type of computer, capable of processing trillions of instructions per second and can tackle complex tasks and computer-intensive problems. Used primarily to break codes, model worldwide weather systems, and simulate nuclear explosions.RAM (random access memory) - Correct Answer computer memory circuitry taht temporarily holds data, program instructions, and the operating system in a personal computer. RAM is temporary and volatile which means it requires electrical power to hold data.ROM (Read-Only Memory) - Correct Answer One or more integrated circuits that contain permanent instructions that the computer uses during the boot process. ROM is permanent and non-volatile, which means it does not require a constant supply of power to hold data.Digital Storage - Correct Answer A general category of storage mechanisms, in which data are digitally recorded by various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical methods on a surface layer deposited of one or more planar, round and rotating platters. Digital storage is non-volatile, which means it does not require a constant supply of power to hold data.Multithreading - Correct Answer A technology that allows multiple parts or threads from a program to run simultaneously Multitasking - Correct Answer The ability of a computer, processor, or operating system to run more than one program, job, or task at the same time.Pipelining - Correct Answer A technology that allows a processor to begin executing an instruction before completing the previous instruction.Serial Processing - Correct Answer The processing of data one instruction at a time, completing one instruction before beginning another.Parallel Processing - Correct Answer The simultaneous use of more that one processor to execute a program.
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