ISA- Arborist Review Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions 100% Verified 2024 abiotic - Correct Answer pertaining to the nonliving parts of an ecosystem, such as soil particles, bedrock, air, water.abscisic acid (ABA) - Correct Answer a plant hormone that stimulates stomatal closure and promotes seed and bud dormancy.abscission zone - Correct Answer a wall of cells at the base of a petiole, that allows the leaf to separate from the stem.
- two functions: leaf drop and to protect the region of the stem against desiccation
acceptable risk - Correct Answer the amount of risk that an owner is willing to accept before tree failure.acidic soil - Correct Answer having a pH less than 7.0, in contrast with alkaline which has a pH that is higher than 7.0.actinomycetes - Correct Answer microorganisms that have some characteristics of fungi and bacteria.Soil actinomycetes are very tolerant of water stress and contribute through their actions to that "good earth" aroma after a rain.action threshold - Correct Answer the point at which a pest requires the implementation of a management tactic or control.acute crotches - Correct Answer stronger and wider than a co-dominant crotch, they are not likely to be a branch that will fail in high winds and are considered desirable.adaptive growth - Correct Answer an increase in wood production in localized areas on a tree, in response to a decrease in wood strength or external loading to maintain an even distribution of forces across the structure.adsorption - Correct Answer adhesion on contact of molecules to the surface of solids or liquids with which they are in contact. 1 / 4
adventitious/epicormic growth - Correct Answer new growth arising directly from dormant or new buds on main branches, stems, or trunks often in response to moisture and light that has no connection to apical meristems.adventitious root: - Correct Answer a root arising from parts of the root or the stem, often in response to moisture and darkness that has no connection to apical meristems.aerial roots: - Correct Answer roots that grow from stems toward the soil with the capacity to become prop roots when they anchor in the soil.aerobic microorganisms - Correct Answer these microbes require free, gaseous oxygen for growth.aggregate: - Correct Answer soil such as sand, silt, or clay, a cluster of soil particles and organic matter, bonded together by exudates from microorganisms. It is often used under paved surfaces, as backfill.agroforestry or agro-sylviculture: - Correct Answer is a land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland.ait terrminal - Correct Answer the uppermost point of a lightning protection system in a tree. It is usually made of copper.alkaline soil - Correct Answer having a pH greater than 7.0, in contrast with acidic soil which has a pH lower than 7.0.alkaloids - Correct Answer substances that are produced by trees and contain nitrogen and are used by humans for medicines.allelopathy - Correct Answer the production of substances by one tree that adversely affect other trees nearby. Root exudates from some trees can kill or stall growth of many soil organisms.amy;lase - Correct Answer an enzyme that can change the starch chains back to glucose molecules.anerobic microorganism - Correct Answer these microbes live in the absence of free oxygen. 2 / 4
anon-eye nut - Correct Answer drop-forged eye nut is used to fasten through-hardware anchor(s), used when cabling trees. Advantage is the length of the rod can be adjusted.angiosperms - Correct Answer hardwood trees that have covered seeds such as oaks and maples.The seed is born within an ovary.anions - Correct Answer negatively charged atoms or molecules in fertilizer that become available to the plant in water.anther - Correct Answer the pollen producing part of a flower.anthocyanin - Correct Answer a chemical that gives the red pigments to leaves and other plant organs.apical meristem - Correct Answer meristems that increase the length of stems and roots, and produce flowers.apoplast (apoplasm) - Correct Answer the framework of non-living cells and cell walls in wood and bark. The apoplast stores bound water, which does not flow.arboriculture - Correct Answer the art, science, technology, and business of commercial, public, and utility tree care. Arboriculture focus is on the tree while the focus of forestry is on all trees.arborist - Correct Answer an individual engaged in the profession of arboriculture who, through experience, education, and training, possesses the competence to perform the management of trees and other woody plants.arbuscular mycorrhizae: - Correct Answer commonly called endomycorrhizae infects the internal tree root cells and are most common in deciduous forests.armillaria root disease: - Correct Answer cause death to trees under all types of stress by reducing absorption and translocation of water and minerals from the soil to the tree. 3 / 4
arthropods: - Correct Answer microscopic insects and mites that are vital in processing soil organic matter and mineralizing detritus.ascender: - Correct Answer attached to the rope, this piece of equipment will grip in one direction (down) and slide in the other (up) allowing the climber to ascend up the rope in contrast with descender.axial parenchyma - Correct Answer cells that run in a vertical direction on the trunk.axil - Correct Answer the point of attachment of a leaf petiole to a stem.back cut - Correct Answer a cut made on a tree trunk or branch, opposite from the notch, face cut, or undercut.bacteria - Correct Answer organisms that break down organic and inorganic materials such as fungi, insects, and animals in the soil. They also detoxify harmful substances and adjust the soil pH. Many also convert nitrogen in the air to a usable form for tree growth. Bacteria can be found everywhere that life can be supported.barrier zone - Correct Answer a barrier zone is a chemical boundary within the wood present at the time of wounding which resist the spread of pathogens.balancer - Correct Answer a rigging sling(s), usually with at least one spliced eye and a Prusik to position the load line.bark - Correct Answer a protective covering on the outside of a tree trunk and made of an outer periderm and an inner phloem. It keeps moisture and gases in the tree and resists attack by insects and microorganisms.bark distortions - Correct Answer overgrown knots, mechanical wounds, holes of all types, ingrown bark, and other defects which can be seen on the bark appearance.bark fissures - Correct Answer form on trees whose bark plates only divide in one direction such as oaks. Some trees, such as beech, do not form fissures because the bark plates divide in two directions as the tree grows in girth.
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