Latest 2023 / 2024 | BIOS 242 Exam 2 Fundamentals of Microbiology with Lab - Chamberlain
What are macronutrients?✓ Required in relatively large quantities and play a principal role in cell structure and metabolism.
What are micronutrients?✓ They are present in smaller amounts and are involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure.
What are heterotrophs and their carbon sources?✓ An organism that must obtain its carbon in organic form and is dependent on other life forms.
What is an autotroph and their carbon sources?✓ They use inorganic CO2 and can convert that CO2 into carbon compounds.They are self-feeders.
What are photoautotrophs?✓ They capture energy from light rays for cell metabolism. They produce organic molecules that can be used by themselves and heterotrophs. 1 / 3
What are chemoautotrophs and their carbon source?✓ They use organic compounds for energy and inorganic compounds as a carbon source
What are chemoheterotrophs and their carbon source?✓ They derive both carbon and energy from organic compounds. The organic molecules processed through respiration or fermentation release energy into the form of ATP
What is an Aerobe (Aerobic organism)?✓ Can use gaseous oxygen in its metabolism and possesses the enzymes needed to process toxic oxygen products
What is a facultative anaerobe?✓ An aerobe that does not require oxygen for its metabolism. Can grow without oxygen. Metabolizes by aerobic respiration when oxygen is present.Adopts anaerobic metabolism (fermentation) when oxygen is absent.
What are aerotolerant anaerobes?✓ They do not utilize oxygen and survive and grow to a limited extent in its presence.
What are obligate acidophiles?✓ Organisms that require an acidic environment for growth, Molds/Yeasts tolerate acid and are common spoilage agents of pickled foods. 2 / 3
What are alkaliphiles?✓ They live in basic minerals. Bacteria that decompose urine create alkaline conditions.
What are obligate halophiles?✓ Require high concentrations of salt to grow
What are facultative halophiles?✓ Resistant to salt, even though they do not normally reside in high-salt environments
Describe the steps of binary fission ✓ 1) Parent cell enlarges
✓ 2) Chromosomes duplicated
✓ 3) Cell envelope pulls together in the center forming a septum.
✓ 4) Cell divides into two daughter cells.
Describe the ecological groups by temperature and their range.1) Psychrophile 2) Psychrotroph 3) Mesophile 4) Thermophile 5) Extreme thermophile
- 1) 15 to 15
- / 3
2) 5 to 35 3) 10 to 50 (Most pathogenic) 4) 45 to 80 5) 65 to 130