2024 ATLS Module 6 - Head Trauma Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers
- Distribution of brain injuries in the ED
Answer:
75% mild 15 moderate 10% severe
- Primary goal of treatment is what
Answer: To prevent secondary brain injury (ABCDEs)
- Neurosurgical consolation table for patients with TBI
Answer: Box 6-1
- Monroe-Kellie Doctrine
Answer: when one content in the skull increases, another must decrease to
compensate and maintain normal ICP
- Dura mater
Answer:
thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord
-Skull fractures lacerate the meningeal arteries, causing hemorrhage in the epidural space. MC= middle meningeal artery.
- arachnoid mater
Answer:
middle layer of the meninges named for the spider-web-like trabeculae that extend between it and the pia mater
Subdural hematoma: veins beneath the surface of brain and venous sinus within dura tear, causing hemorrhage in subdural space.
- Pia Mater
Answer: Attached to surface of brain
Subarachnoid space: Between arachnoid and pia layers, filled with cerebrospinalflu- id.
- / 2
Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Brain contusion and/or injuries to major blood vessels at base of brain cause bleeding into subarachnoid space.
- Cerebrum parts
Answer: Right and left hemispheres, including frontal, parietal, temporal, and
occipital lobes.
- Brainstem parts
Answer: midbrain, pons, medulla, including cardiorespiratory centers
- Cerebellum
Answer: connects to spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral hemispheres.
- Intracranial cavity is divided into
Answer: supratentorial and infratentorial compartments.
- Blown pupil
Answer: Cranial nerve 3 compression during temporal lobe herniation
- Uncus
Answer: Medial part of temporal lobe that herniates through the tentorial notch, causing compression of midbrain and contralateral hemiparesis.
- ipsilateral pupillary dilation with contralateral hemiparesis
Answer: classic sign of uncal herniation
- uncal herniation
Answer: Medially displaced medial temporal lobe over free margin of tentorium.
Focal effacement of ambient cistern and lateral suprasellar cistern. Rarely compresses contralateral cerebral peduncle (Kernohan's notch) against tentorial margin.
- Normal ICP
Answer: 10 mmHg
- Pressures greater than 20 mmHg
Answer: poor outcomes
- Cerebral perfusion pressure
Answer: CPP = MAP - ICP
- / 2