2024 VTNE Microbiology Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers
- A 10x ocular and a 40x objective =
Answer: 400x magnification
- With a brightfield condenser
Answer: Objects appear against a bright background
- With a darkfield condenser
Answer: Objects appear as bright images against a dark background
- Electron microscopes use
Answer: A beam of electrons rather than light to make an image achieving a higher resolution
- Although electron microscopes offer higher resolution it also
Answer: Kills the sample
- Classification of microbes
Answer: Acellular, prokaryotic, archae, eukaryotic
- Viruses are
Answer: Acellular, non living
- Viruses have DNA or RNA?
Answer: They can have both DNA, and RNA
9. True or False: Viruses cannot replicate on their own
Answer: True
10. True or False: Viruses can produce energy
Answer: False
- What are viruses surrounded by?
Answer: A protein coat called a capsid
- Viruses can have what kind of outer coating?
Answer: Lipid and polysaccharide
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- Viruses can infect
Answer: Animals, plants, bacteria, and archae
- The six steps of infection
Answer: Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, biosynthesis, assembly, release
- Adsorption
Answer: When a virus attaches to a cell bearing the appropriate markers on its surface
- Penetration
Answer: When a virus injects its genome into a cell
- Uncoating
Answer: When a viral nucleic acid is released from the cupsid
- Biosynthesis
Answer: When a viral nucleic acid controls the host cell, and produces more viral nucleic acid/proteins
- When biosynthesis is postponed this is called
Answer: Latent infection
- Assembly
Answer: When "pieces" of the virus the host cell has made are assembled into new viruses
- Release
Answer: When new virions are released from the host cell; this may involve destruction of the host cell or budding from the cell membrane
- Viroids
Answer: acellular, lacks protein and capsid coating, RNA, only infects plants
- Prions
Answer: small, infectious proteins, no RNA or DNA, may cause neurological disease
- Neurological diseases associated with prion infection are
Answer: Scrapie, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Chronic wasting, maybe feline dis- eases
- Symptoms of prion infection
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Answer: Dementia, loss of coordination, difficulty sleeping, and impaired memory and intellect