HOSA Pathophysiology 564 Terms Latest Updated 2023 abduct - Correct Answer move an arm or leg away from the body abruptio placentae - Correct Answer detachment of the placenta from the uterus before birth; often results in severe bleeding ablation - Correct Answer excision or removal abscess - Correct Answer a localized collection of pus surrounded by swollen tissue acetabulum - Correct Answer the cup-shaped cavity in which the ball-shaped head of the femur articulates; hip socket achalasia - Correct Answer failure of the esophagogastric sphincter to relax with swallowing acholic - Correct Answer pale or clay-colored; this type of stool usually results from problems in the biliary system acidemia - Correct Answer a decreased pH of the blood; increased hydrogen ion concentration acidosis - Correct Answer a pathologic condition resulting from an abnormal increase in the level of hydrogen ions in the body (decrease in pH), resulting from the accumulation of acid or loss of the alkaline reserve acute abdomen - Correct Answer an abdominal condition of sudden onset, accompanied by pain resulting from intraabdominal inflammation or infection acyanotic - Correct Answer absence of a bluish appearance of the skin and mucous membranes adenocarcinoma - Correct Answer a cancerous tumor arising from glandular tissue adenoma - Correct Answer a benign neoplasm in which cells are derived from glandular epithelium adenosarcoma - Correct Answer a cancerous gland-like tumor, such as Wilms' tumor adenovirus - Correct Answer a virus pathogenic to humans that causes conjunctivitis, upper respiratory infection, cystitis, or GI infection; may persist in lymphoid tissue in latent period of the infection 1 / 4
adnexal - Correct Answer pertaining to accessory organs or tissues; an appendage(s) agglutination - Correct Answer the clumping of antigens with antibodies or of the red blood cells from one type of blood with the red blood cells of another type aggregation - Correct Answer the coming together of entities such as platelets, blood cells, or diseases agranulocytosis - Correct Answer a condition of the blood marked by a sudden decrease in the number of granulocytes (a type of white blood cell); occurs in lesions of the throat or other mucous membranes or as a side effect of the administration of certain drugs or radiation alkalosis - Correct Answer excessive alkalinity of body fluids allergen - Correct Answer an antigenic substance capable of producing an allergic response in the body allograft - Correct Answer a graft of tissue between genetically different individuals of the same species amblyopia - Correct Answer reduced vision in an eye without a detectable organic lesion amnesia - Correct Answer a loss of memory; inability to recall past experiences amniography - Correct Answer radiography (after injection of radiopaque contrast medium into the amniotic fluid) of the pregnant uterus to detect placement of the placenta, the amniotic cavity, and the fetus amniotic fluid - Correct Answer a transparent albuminous liquid made by the amnion and the fetus; surrounds and protects the fetus during pregnancy amylase - Correct Answer an enzyme produced in the salivary glands and pancreas that helps in digestion of starches amyloid - Correct Answer a waxy, starchlike protein that tends to build up in tissues and organs in certain pathologic conditions analgesia - Correct Answer relief of pain analogue - Correct Answer a drug that resembles another but has different effects anaphylaxis - Correct Answer a severe systemic allergic response characterized by redness, itching, swelling, and water buildup (angioedema); in severe cases, life- 2 / 4
threatening respiratory distress occurs and the blood pressure drops rapidly (anaphylactic shock) anaplastic - Correct Answer a change in the orientation and structure of cells; a loss of differentiation that is characteristic of malignancy anastomosis - Correct Answer the surgical or pathologic connection between two vessels or tubular structures anesthesia - Correct Answer partial of complete loss of sensation caused by injury, diseases, or the administration of an anesthetic agent angina pectoris - Correct Answer paroxysmal chest pain, which often radiates to the arms and may be accompanied by a feeling of suffocation and impending death; the most common cause is a shortage of oxygen to the cardiac muscle linked with coronary artery disease angioplasty - Correct Answer repair of a narrowed blood vessel through surgery or other angiographic procedures angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) - Correct Answer an enzyme found on the surface of blood vessels in the lungs and other tissues with vasopressive action angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors - Correct Answer agents that inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (a potent vasoconstrictor) and promote relaxation of blood vessels ankylosis - Correct Answer immobility of a joint anorexia - Correct Answer loss of appetite for food anosmia - Correct Answer impairment or loss of smell antibody - Correct Answer an immunoglobulin that may combine with a specific antigen to destroy or control it anticholinergic - Correct Answer a drug used to block the transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses anticholinesterase - Correct Answer any enzyme that counteracts the action of the choline esters anticoagulant - Correct Answer any substance that delays or prevents blood clotting antiemetic - Correct Answer a medication that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting 3 / 4
antigen - Correct Answer any substance that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies antimicrobial - Correct Answer a substance that kills microorganisms or suppresses their growth antipyretic - Correct Answer a drug or treatment that reduces or relieves fever antiseptic - Correct Answer a substance that inhibits the growth of microorganisms antitrypsin - Correct Answer a substance that inhibits trypsin, an enzyme that hastens the hydrolysis of protein anxiolytic - Correct Answer a substance that diminishes anxiety aphasia - Correct Answer a nerve defect that results in loss of speech aphonia - Correct Answer inability to produce normal speech sounds or loss of voice aphthous ulcers - Correct Answer recurrent painful canker sores in the mouth apicectomy - Correct Answer surgical removal of the apex of an infected or damaged tooth root apnea - Correct Answer the temporary cessation of breathing apoptosis - Correct Answer a pattern of cell death affecting single cells; refers to programmed cell death arrhythmia - Correct Answer variation or loss of normal rhythm of the heartbeat arthrodesis - Correct Answer the immobilization of a joint accomplished surgically arthroplasty - Correct Answer surgical reconstruction or replacement of a diseased joint ascites - Correct Answer abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of serous fluid aspiration - Correct Answer drawing in or out by suction asymptomatic - Correct Answer without symptoms asystole - Correct Answer the absence of contractions of the heart; cardiac standstill ataxia - Correct Answer an uncoordinated gait associated with pathology of the central nervous system
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