Advanced Trauma Life Support(ATLS) Prep What are the elements of the initial assessment? - ANSWER preparation, triage, primary survey, adjuncts to the primary survey and resuscitation, consideration for transfer, secondary survey, adjuncts to the secondary survey, continued post resuscitation monitoring, definitive care What's the difference between multiple and mass casualties? - ANSWER does the number and severity of patients exceed the capability of the facility and staff What is the primary survey? - ANSWER airway (with restriction of c-spine motion), breathing and ventilation, circulation, disability, exposure 1 / 3
What are injuries that significantly impair ventilation in the short term? - ANSWER tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, open pneumothorax, tracheal and bronchial injuries How can a simple pneumothorax be converted to a tension pneumothorax? - ANSWER when a patient is intubated and positive pressure ventilation is provided before decompressing the pneumothorax What are the elements of clinical observation that yield important information about hemodynamic status? - ANSWER level of consciousness, skin perfusion, pulse Where are the major areas of internal hemorrhage? - ANSWER chest, abdomen, retroperitoneum, pelvis, long bones Other than CNS injury, what can alter a patient's level of consciousness? - ANSWER hypoglycemia, alcohol, narcotics, other drugs 2 / 3
What are adjuncts used during the primary survey? - ANSWER EKG, pulse oximetry, CO2 monitoring, ABG, urinary catheter, gastric catheter, lactate, XR, FAST If there is blood at the urethral meatus or perineal ecchymosis...think? - ANSWER urethral injury, retrograde urethrogram before inserting a catheter What does AMPLE stand for? - ANSWER allergies, medications, past illnesses/pregnancy, last meal, events/environment related to the injury During the secondary survey, what is the sequence of the physical exam? - ANSWER head, maxillofacial structures, cervical spine and neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis, perineum/rectum/vagina, musculoskeletal, neurological
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