LSAT Prep Questions and Answers In logical reasoning questions, what is a conclusion? - Answer: A conclusion is the main point the author is making. A conclusion is supported by evidence or an assumption. An example of a conclusion is, Allison plays volleyball.In logical reasoning questions, what is evidence? - Answer: Evidence is the information offered by an author to support the conclusion.In logical reasoning questions, what is an assumption? - Answer: An assumption is an unstated piece of evidence that is required for a conclusion to be valid. An example of an assumption would be Allison is over six feet tall, therefore she plays volleyball. Allison plays volleyball, is the conclusion.In logical reasoning questions, what do weaken questions ask for? - Answer: Weaken questions ask for info that can be added to the argument to make the conclusion less likely. An example of a weakening argument would be that height can hinder a volleyball players performance.What are 4 words or phrases that indicate a weaken question? - Answer: 1. Weaken
- Calls into question
- Casts doubt upon
- Seriously damages
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In logical reasoning questions, what do strengthen questions ask for? - Answer: Strengthen questions ask for information that can be added to the argument to make the conclusion more likely. An example of a strengthening argument would be that only volleyball players over six feet tall can block over the net.What are 2 words or phrases that indicate a strengthen question? - Answer: 1. Strengthen
In logical reasoning questions, what do flaw questions ask for? - Answer: Flaw questions want you to determine the error the author makes in going from the evidence to the conclusion. There are numerous different common flaws that appear on the LSAT.What are the 8 common flaws in logical reasoning questions on the LSAT? - Answer: 1. Unwarranted Assumption, 2. Necessity versus sufficiency,
- Representativeness, 4. Scope Shift, 5. Alternative possibilities, 6. Causation versus correlation, 7.
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Opinion versus fact, 8. Number versus percentage Unwarranted Assumption - Logical Reasoning Flaw - Answer: Assumptions based on insufficient evidence. An example is her battery works; therefore her battery is charged. The unwarranted assumption is that the battery working is the only thing needed to ensure the phone is charged.Necessity versus Sufficiency - Logical Reasoning Flaw - Answer: A flaw of deeming a sufficient action as necessary. An example would be saying if we break up, I will unfriend him on Facebook. Breaking up might be sufficient reasoning to unfriend someone, but breaking up is not required to unfriend him.Representativesness - Logical Reasoning Flaw - Answer: Assuming something as representative of a dissimilar population. An example would be saying when I was a child, mint ice cream was my favorite flavor; therefore I will serve that at your birthday. However, your preference is not representative of everyone.Scope Shift - Logical Reasoning Flaw - Answer: When a conclusion presents information not present in the evidence. An example would be saying only 10 percent of children have been to Washington D.C.; therefore kids don't know a lot about government. This conclusion presents a shift in scope.Alternative Possibilities - Logical Reasoning Flaw - Answer: The conclusion fails to consider other possible arguments that could alter events. An example is: If Olivia is in class, she turns her cell phone off; therefore if her cell phone is off she is in class. This fails to consider Olivia may have her phone off for other reasons.Causation versus Correlation - Logical Reasoning Flaw - Answer: A conclusion correlates 2 unlike events while failing to explain causation. An example is: In the summer, the Carr family goes swimming often and also eats ice cream; therefore, swimming makes them eat ice cream. Here causation is not explained.