- | P a g e
pg. 1
MBIO 3401 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025/2026 TEST
BANK| COMPLETE 650 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+| MBIO 3401 EXAM
PREP|| BRAND NEW!!
Which of the following best describes the genome of the influenza virus? - ANSWER - negative-strand segmented DNA
A modest level of ethanol enters the human circulation naturally from _______, equivalent to a fraction of a drink per day. - ANSWER - intestinal flora
Herpes simplex viruses causes primary _______ infections - ANSWER - epithelial
The process of importing free DNA into cells is known as... - ANSWER
- transformation
Production of traditionally fermented foods typically relies on ________ flora, whereas commercially fermentation generally relies on ________ - ANSWER - indigenous; starter cultures
What type of reporter fusions can expose both transcriptional and translational controls? - ANSWER - gene fusions 1 / 4
- | P a g e
pg. 2 Extreme halophilic archaea exclusively utilize which kind of ion gradient? - ANSWER - sodium ion
The role of leader sequence in Trip operon is to... - ANSWER - determine whether transcription can proceed through the genes in the operon
Which pathway is utilized for carbon fixation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria? - ANSWER - the Calvin cycle or reductive pentose phosphate cycle
what shortest lag period would most likely be observed if a culture is transferred - ANSWER - from a complex medium to a fresh complex medium
microbes that grow at very high pressures - ANSWER - piezophiles
what type of organism will grow evenly throughout a tube of thioglycate broth medium? - ANSWER - aerotolerant anaerobe
one thing organism cannot due during starvation - ANSWER - form metabolically inactive endospores
what physical agents are used to prevent bacterial growth - ANSWER - autoclaving, irradiation, and freezing
- / 4
- | P a g e
pg. 3 scanning electron microscopy is most likely used to reveal what - ANSWER - surface structures
a type of microscope that exposes specimen to UV, violet, or blue light and forms and image with the light emitted at a different wavelength - ANSWER - fluorescence
function of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria - ANSWER - retains cytoplasm and its contents, acts as a selectively permeable barrier, major site of ATP synthesis in aerobes
most human pathogens are - ANSWER - mesophilic
what microscope allows best view of live bacteria surface - ANSWER - atomic force microscope
Microbial biosynthetic processes require... - ANSWER - essential elements reduction energy
what is the best method to examining the presence of a chemical structure with a diameter of 3nm? - ANSWER - x-ray crystallography
what is the structure of prokaryotes that performs the same function as mitochondria in eukaryotes - ANSWER - cell membrane 3 / 4
- | P a g e
pg. 4 what happens if decolorizer is not added during gram stain - ANSWER - the negative bacteria will retain the color of the CV, and both types of bacteria will be purple
what happens if the counter stain is not added when gram staining - ANSWER - the gram negative will be colorless after being decolonized.gram negative will retain purple color
what type of energy do photolithoautotrophs require - ANSWER - sunlight through photosynthesis
what type of energy do chemolithotrophs require - ANSWER - inorganic molecule
what does a stalked cell in Caulobacter crescents divide to reproduce - ANSWER - a stalked cell and a flagellated cell
what is an extension of the cytoplasm that attaches bacteria to a surface called - ANSWER - stalk
why can microbes still grow after boiling? - ANSWER - boiling will not kill endospores, steam sterilization and autoclaving will completely sterilize the broth
explain the results of viable count - ANSWER - the number of colonies that grow on plates represent only the viable and replicative cells
- / 4