MDC 4 NUR2755 FINAL EXAM
1 .Alzheimer's Mild Stage-Forgets names; misplaces household items -Has short-term memory loss and difficulty re-calling new information-Shows subtle changes in personality and be-havior 2 .Alzheimer's Moderate Stage - Is disoriented to time, place, and event -Has difficulty driving and gets lost-Incontinent-Psychotic behaviors, such as delusions, hallu-cinations, and paranoia-Episodes of wandering, trouble sleeping 3 .Alzheimer's Late Stage-Totally incapacitated; bedridden -Totally dependent in ADLs-Has agnosia-Hallucinations-Incontinence-Difficulty eating 4 .ApraxiaDifficulty with motor planning to perform tasks or movements 5 .AphasiaInability to speak or understand language 6 .AnomiaInability to recall the names of everyday objects 7 .AgnosiaLoss of sensory comprehension, including fa- cial recognition 8 .Alzheimer's diagnostics-No laboratory test can confirm the diagnosis of AD-Definitive diagnosis is made on the basis of brain tissue examination at autopsy, which con-firms the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques 9 .Alzheimer's medicationsCholinesterase inhibitors- Donepezil, galanta- mine
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NMDA receptor antagonists- Memantine 10 .Parkinson's symptoms-Slow, shuffling, and propulsive gait -RESTING tremors-Muscle rigidity-Bradykinesia/akinesia (loss of ability to move muscles voluntarily)-Mask Like face-Drooling-Postural instability 11 .Parkinson's diagnostics-Diagnosis typically made based on manifesta- tions, their progression, and by ruling out other disease-Analysis of CSF may show a decrease in dopamine levels 12 .Parkinson's medicationsCarbidopa/Levodopa (Sinemet) 13 .Parkinson's surgical inter- ventions Stereotactic pallidotomy or thalamotomy 14 .Migraine triggers -Caffeine -Red wine-MSG-Foods high in tyramine (aged cheeses, cul-tured food like yogurt) 15 .Migraine abortive therapyAcetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, triptans, ergotamine derivatives 16 .Migraine preventative therapy Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptics, Botox 17 .Migraine surgical treat- ment Trigeminal nerve resection 18 .Aura symptoms -Visual disturbances -Flashing lights/lines/spots
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-Numbness of lips or tongue -Acute confused state -Aphasia-Vertigo -Unilateral weakness*-Offensive smell-"Deja vu" feeling 19 .Multiple sclerosis clinical manifestations - Muscle weakness and spasticity -Intention tremors (tremor when performing an activity)-Diplopia (double vision)-Nystagmus (an involuntary condition in which the eyes make repetitive uncontrolled move-ments)-Depression/labile 20 .Multiple sclerosis diagno- sis MRI of the brain and spinal cord demonstrates the presence of plaques in at least 2 areas 21 .Multiple sclerosis medica- tions - Baclofen -Disease-modifying therapies-Interferon beta-1a and beta-1b-Corticosteroids 22 .Meningitis clinical mani- festations - Nuchal rigidity -Kernig Sign-Brudzinski Sign-Decreased level of consciousness-Photosensitivity 23 .Kernig Sign Resistance and pain with extension of the client's leg from a flexed position
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