MED SURG GASTROINTESTINAL PRACTICE
EXAM WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS || GUARANTEED PASS || ALRE ADY
GRADED A+ | NEWEST EXAM 2024 | BEST
VERSION!!!
A client who recently immigrated to the United States has a chronic vitamin A deficiency. What information about vitamin A should the nurse consider when assessing this client for clinical indicators of this deficiency? - ANSWER- It is a necessary element of rhodopsin, which controls responses to light and dark environments.
A client is recovering from an acute episode of alcoholism that included esophageal involvement. What are the components of a therapeutic diet that are most appropriate for the nurse to include in the teaching plan for this client?(Select all that apply.) - ANSWER- Soft diet High protein diet High carbohydrate diet
A nurse is caring for a client who is cachectic. What information about the function of adipose tissue in fat metabolism is necessary to better address the needs of this client? - ANSWER- Stores triglycerides for energy reserves
A client with cirrhosis of the liver develops ascites, and the health care provider prescribes spironolactone (Aldactone). What should the nurse monitor the client for? - ANSWER- Hyperkalemia 1 / 4
A client eats a meal that contains 13 g of fat, 31 g of carbohydrates, and 5 g of protein. What is this client's total caloric intake for this meal? Record your answer using a whole number. ______ kilocalories - ANSWER- Fat contains 9 kilocalories per gram; carbohydrates and proteins contain 4 kilocalories per gram; therefore, 117 + 124 + 20 = 261 kilocalories.
After a subtotal gastrectomy, a client is returned to the surgical unit. Which is the best nursing action to prevent pulmonary complications? - ANSWER- Promoting frequent turning and deep breathing to mobilize secretions
An older adult is returned to the surgical unit after having a subtotal gastrectomy.Which dietary modification should the nurse anticipate that the health care provider will most likely prescribe? - ANSWER- Resume small, easily digested feedings gradually.
What are incidences of duodenal ulcers vs. gastric ulcers? - ANSWER- *Duodenal* -Age 30-60
-Male to Female 3:1
-Occurs more frequently than gastric ulcers
*Gastric Ulcers* -Usually 50 yrs of age or older
-Male to female 1:1
What are s/s or clinical findings of duodenal ulcers? - ANSWER- -hypersecretion of stomach acid -*may have weight gain* 2 / 4
-*pain occurs 2-3 hours after a meal*; often awakened between 1-2am -ingestion of food relieved pain -vomiting is uncommon -malignancy is rare
What are s/s or clinical findings of gastric ulcers? - ANSWER- -normal to hypo secretion of stomach acid -*weight loss may occur* -pain occurs at night; may be relieved by vomiting -*ingestion of food does not help and sometimes increases pain* -hemorrhage is more likely to occur than with duodenal ulcers -malignancy is occasional
What are risk factors of duodenal ulcers? - ANSWER- -blood group O -COPD -chronic renal failure -alcohol -smoking -cirrhosis -stress -H. pylori
What are risk factors of gastric ulcers? - ANSWER- -gastritis -alcohol -smoking -NSAIDs 3 / 4
-stress -H. pylori
What is gastritis? - ANSWER- Inflammation of mucous membrane lining the stomach
*Pathophysiology: *
-Gastric mucous membranes become edematous & hyperemic (fluid/blood) -There is also superficial erosion
- Can lead to hemorrhage
What are s/s of gastritis? - ANSWER- -N/V -Pain in the upper stomach -May have diarrhea -May have massive hemorrhage with chronic type -H/A -Anorexia -Chronic can have vitamin deficiency -Lassitude -Hiccupping -Heartburn -Belching
What are some diagnostics for gastritis? - ANSWER- -Gastric analysis
- show high or low HCl levels
- / 4
-Endoscopy (aka gastroscopy) and biopsy