MICN Pretest Study Guide Complete With Solutions

MICN Pretest Study Guide – Complete With Solutions Define 3 Body Fluid Compartments Correct Ans - 1. Extracellular - body fluid outside the body's cell

• Intracellular - body fluid inside the body's cell
• Intravascular - body's fluid outside the body's cell and within the

circulatory system.Define Osmosis Correct Ans - Movement of Fluid across semi- permeable membrane from lesser solute to greater solute concentration.Dilutes concentrations back to homeostasis Define Diffusion Correct Ans - Exchange of gases across a membrane

Describe Fluid Shift when administered IV: Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic

Correct Ans - 1. Isotonic - no fluid shift due to same concentration of blood stream.

• Hypertonic - fluid drawn into intravascular space from cells.
• Hypotonic - fluid enters cell due to decreased osmotic pressure and

decreased concentration.

• Requirements of cellular function Correct Ans - Oxygen and Glucose

What electrolyte predominates intra-cellular Correct Ans - Potassium What electrolyte predominates extra-cellular Correct Ans - Sodium Electrolyte that moves out during depolarization Correct Ans - Potassium, while sodium moves in via the "sodium potassium pump" Anaerobic Metabolism and its end product Correct Ans - cellular metabolism that occurs WITHOUT oxygen, producing lactic acid Aerobic Metabolism and its end product Correct Ans - cellular metabolism that occurs WITH oxygen, producing carbonic acid

• electrolytes for normal body functioning Correct Ans - 1. sodium -

attracts water for hydration 1 / 2

• potassium - transmission of electrical impulse, too much or too little causes

dysrhythmias.

• calcium - cardiac and skeletal muscle contractions, and nervous impulse

transmission

• bicarbonate - buffers excess acids and is released by kidneys

Results of abnormal levels of potassium Correct Ans - electrical instability and DYSRHYTHMIAS Define Stroke Volume Correct Ans - amount of blood pumped by the heart in one contraction (Normal is 80ml) Define Cardiac Output Correct Ans - 1. amount of blood pumped by heart in one minute (normal 5-6 Liter).

• Stroke Volume x Heart Rate = Cardiac Output

Define Ventricular Diastole Correct Ans - RELAXATION of ventricles Define perfusion Correct Ans - adequate blood supple to tissue and organ Atrial Kick Correct Ans - occurs at end of systole, extra "kick" of blood into the ventricles. If lost in rapid a-fib or SVT, there is decrease of SV or CO by 30% Starling's Law Correct Ans - Over-stretching of ventricles can worsen contractility like a worn out rubber-band Define Inotropy Correct Ans - Force of Contraction (contractility) Define Chronotropy Correct Ans - Heart Rate Define Atherosclerosis Correct Ans - BLOCKAGE in the blood vessels caused by plaque deposits Define Ischemia Correct Ans - Tissues lack of adequate perfusion of blood Define Angina Pectoris Correct Ans - Chest pain caused by ischemia

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