Midterm Exam: NR569 NR 569

Midterm Exam: NR569 / NR 569

(Latest 2024 / 2025 Update) Differential Diagnosis in Acute Care Practicum | Exam Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain

Question:

Mnemonic for Hypersensitivity Reactions

Answer:

ACID

Type I: Allergic

Type II: Cytotoxic

Type III: Immune Complex Deposition

Type IV: Delayed

• / 4

Question:

Test to Evaluate Dyspnea

Answer:

• CXR
• EKG
• ABG
• CBC
• CTA
• Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE)
• BNP
• Methemoglobin
• Carboxyhemeglobin
• D-Dimer
• PFT
• 6 minute walk test

- CPET

Question:

Infective Endocarditis

Answer:

• An acute or subacute bacterial infection of the endocardium or the heart

valves or both. The condition is characterized by heart murmur, prolonged fever, bacteremia, splenomegaly, and embolic pneumonia.

• / 4

Question:

Acute Bronchitis (Respiratory)

Answer:

• Acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the tracheobronchial

tree. Pathophysiologically, acute bronchitis increases airway resistance due to sputum production and airway epithelial inflammation. Patients with acute bronchitis typically present with cough and sputum production and may have rhonchi on exam.

- Treatment: Not usually treated with with abx unless the patient has a

preexisting lung condition such as COPD.

Question:

Pneumonia (Respiratory)

Answer:

• An acute inflammation of the lungs, often caused by inhaled pneumococci

of the species Streptococcus pneumoniae. The alveoli and bronchioles of the lungs become plugged with a fibrous exudate. Pneumonia may also be caused by other bacteria, as well as by viruses, rickettsiae, and fungi. May increase airway resistance due to airway edema. May also lead to decreased compliance of the respiratory system due to regions of lung consolidation. Patients with PNA will note fever, complex pleuritic chest pain, and rales on exam. An infiltrate on CXR often confirms the diagnosis of pneumonia.

- Treatment: The mainstays of treatment of PNA are antibiotics and

supplemental oxygen.

• / 4

Question:

Aspiration Pneumonitis (Respiratory)

Answer:

• Refers to inhalational acute lung injury that occurs after aspiration of sterile

gastric contents. Has a very similar physiologic mechanism and clinical presentation to pneumonia, and should be suspected in patients who were obtunded or have swallowing difficulties due to stroke or other neuromuscular problems.

Treatment: Although aspiration pneumonitis due to gastric acid does not

need to be treated with antibiotics, most clinicians add antimicrobial coverage, particularly if there is an elevation in the patient's temperature or WBCs, as there may be an infectious component due to aspiration of oral or GI flora.

Question:

Asthma (Respiratory)

Answer:

• A respiratory disorder causing narrowing of the airway that may be due to

allergy or hypersensitivity reactions. It is a complex disorder involving biochemical, immunological, infectious, endocrinological, and psychological factors. Patients with asthma often present with complaints of "chest tightness", a sensation attributed to stimulation of airway receptors, and a sensation of an "inability to take a deep breath" and "air hunger", which likely arises from increased drive to breathe and limited inspiratory capacity resulting from hyperinflation.

Treatment: Includes bronchodilators and steroids.

• / 4