NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Questions and Answers Latest (Verified Answers) A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
ANSWER: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
ANSWER: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the
cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome.His karyotype would reveal which of the following?
ANSWER: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
ANSWER: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic
disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease.Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?
ANSWER: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?
ANSWER: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of
the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene
ANSWER: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
ANSWER: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant
extracellular cation as:
ANSWER: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic
reticulum results in:
ANSWER: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases?
ANSWER: It is difficult to tell the difference because both
processes are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.
ANSWER: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?