MIDTERM TESTBANK - Pathophysiology | Questions and Verified Answer...

NR507/ NR 507 Week 4 Midterm (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A – Chamberlain

MIDTERM TESTBANK

Which cells are known as granular lymphocytes?

• Kupffer cells
• Microglial cells
• T cells
• Natural killer cells - ANSWER 4. Natural killer cells
• Kupffer cells found in the liver are examples of macrophages. They

are not known as granular lymphocytes.

• Microglial cells in the brain are examples of macrophages. They are

not referred to as granular lymphocytes.

• T cells or T lymphocytes play a vital role in cell-mediated immunity.

They are not known as granular lymphocytes.

• Natural killer cells act as a first-line of defense in the body and are a

part of the innate immune system. They contain cytoplasmic granules and are referred to as granular lymphocytes. 1 / 4

Where does maturation of T lymphocytes occur?

• Spleen
• Bone marrow
• Thymus gland
• Lymph nodes - ANSWER 3. Thymus gland
• The maturation of B lymphocytes occurs in the spleen.
• B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow.
• T lymphocytes mature in the thymus glands.
• B cells, which are also known as B lymphocytes, mature in lymph

nodes.Which is the predominant immunoglobulin produced after a host's re- exposure to an antigen?

• Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
• Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
• Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
• Immunoglobulin D (IgD) - ANSWER 1.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

• Immunoglobulin G is the predominant immunoglobulin produced

after a host's re-exposure to an antigen. IgG comprises 75% to 80% of the total serum immunoglobulins.

• Immunoglobulin A comprises 7% to 15% of the total serum

immunoglobulins. IgA is mainly found in saliva and nasal secretions.

• Immunoglobulin E is generally present in a low concentration in the

blood, but it increases during allergic reactions. 2 / 4

• Immunoglobulin D comprises only 1% of total serum

immunoglobulins.A 27-year-old client is pregnant. The blood group of the client and the fetus are incompatible. Which antibodies produced by the mother against the fetus's blood cells do not affect the fetus?

• IgM
• IgG
• IgD
• none of the above - ANSWER 1. IgM
• During pregnancy, if the mother and fetus have incompatible blood

types, IgM antibodies will be developed by the mother against the fetus's blood cells. However, because of the large size of IgM antibodies, they cannot cross the placenta, and the fetus is protected.

• During pregnancy, if the mother and fetus have incompatible blood

types, IgM antibodies will be developed by the mother against the fetus's blood cells. The mother will not produce IgG antibodies in the given situation.

• During pregnancy, if the mother and fetus have incompatible blood

types, IgM antibodies will be developed by the mother against the fetus's blood cells. The mother will not produce IgD antibodies in the given situation.

• The option "none of the above" is incorrect because IgM antibodies

are developed by the mother against the fetus's blood cells in the given condition. 3 / 4

Which immunity is developed by an individual after experiencing illness?

• Innate immunity
• Active acquired adaptive immunity
• Passive acquired adaptive immunity
• None of the above - ANSWER 2. Active acquired

adaptive immunity

• Innate immunity is the natural mechanism of the body that wards off

foreign bodies as a first line of defense. Mucous producing cells are part of the body's innate immunity mechanism.

• Active acquired adaptive immunity is obtained through exposure to an

antigen. It is developed after an individual experiences an illness.

• Passive acquired adaptive immunity is obtained by an individual after

he or she is given pre-made, fully formed antibodies, such as vaccines, against an antigen.

• The option 'none of the above" is incorrect because the immunity

developed by an individual after he or she experiences an illness is active acquired adaptive immunity.Which is an example of passive acquired adaptive immunity?

• Newborns receiving immunity through breast milk
• Individuals becoming immune to chickenpox after infection
• Individuals becoming immune to measles after infection
• None of the above - ANSWER 1. Newborns receiving

immunity through breast milk

• / 4