MIS 111: CCR-FE Master Study Guide with Complete

MIS 111: CCR-FE Master Study Guide with Complete

Solutions 100% Verified

Communications - Correct Answer Data Communications:

• The movement of computer information from one point to another by means of electrical or optical

transmission systems.

- Such systems are called data communications networks. • Telecommunications:

Includes the transmission of voice, video and data.

Communication Architecture - Correct Answer All communications require:

• Transmitters/Senders and receivers (actors) • Transmission medium (infrastructure) • Rules of communication (protocol) • A message (content)

How message travels:

Transmitter -> Medium -> Receiver Video Case Study: Telecommunications History - Correct Answer - Pony Express (letters)

Telecommunication Milestones - Correct Answer Discovery and Viability:

• 1837 - Samuel Morse exhibited a working telegraph system. • 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell,

invented the first telephone. Economic and Technical Expansion:

• 1880 - first pay telephone • 1915 - first transcontinental and transatlantic telephone service • 1951 - first direct long distance dialing • 1962 - first international satellite telephone call

Regulatory Controls:

• 1968 - Carterfone court decision allowed non-Bell equipment to connect to Bell System Network • 1970 - Permitted MCI to provide limited long distance service in competition to AT&T.Telecommunications Development Parallels Globalization - Correct Answer • Telegraph & Telephone (19th century) • Satellite communications (1960s) 1 / 4

• Digital communications (1980s) • Internet age (1990s) • Wireless communications (2000s) The expansion of telecommunications infrastructure occurred primarily during while era of globalization, as described by Thomas Friedman? - Correct Answer A. Countries

• Companies
• Individuals
• Companies ***

Types of Data Transmitted - Correct Answer • Analog data (Human Voice) - Sound waves, which vary continuously over time • Digital data (Computer Data) - Binary data - represented as a series of ones and zeros *Visual on Class 35 TO Slides pg. 6 Video Case Study: Digital and Analog Signals - Correct Answer - analog: varies continually in amplitude and frequency

- digital: only two values (1 or 0); sent as a series of pulses

• digital is better for sending info. over long distances
• noise/interference damages analog, but not digital
• digital carried more info and is more easily interpreted by computers

Types of Transmission - Correct Answer • Analog transmissions:

• Analog data transmitted in analog form which varies continuously
• Examples of analog data being sent using analog transmissions are broadcast TV and radio

• Digital transmissions:

• Made of square waves with a clear beginning and ending using discrete (binary) signals
• Computer networks send digital data using digital transmissions.

Data converted between analog and digital formats: 2 / 4

• Modem (modulator/demodulator): used when digital data is sent as an analog transmission (digital

to analog)

• Codec (coder/decoder): used when analog signals are sent using digital data transmission (analog to

digital) Data Type vs. Transmission Type - Correct Answer Analog Data & Analog Transmission: radio, broadcast TV

Analog Data & Digital Transmission: PCM & Video standards using codecs

Digital Data & Analog Transmission: modem-based communications

Digital Data & Digital Transmission: LAN cable standards

Digital Transmission: Advantages - Correct Answer • Produces fewer errors - Easier to detect and correct errors, since transmitted data is binary (1s and 0s, only two distinct values)) • Permits higher maximum transmission rates - e.g., Optical fiber designed for digital transmission • More efficient - Possible to send more data through a given circuit • More secure - Easier to encrypt using mathematical data encryption algorithms • Simpler to integrate voice, video and data - Easier to combine them on the same circuit, since signals made up of digital data The adoption of new digital technologies to offer improved telecommunications options was partially based on limitations of previous technologies, as described by who? - Correct Answer A. Moore

• Gilder
• Metcalf
• Shannon
• Shannon***

Key Terminology: Bandwidth - Correct Answer • Bandwidth the amount of information (or data) that can be transmitted through a communications channel

• Analog signals are measured in Hertz, or cycles per second (Hz)
• Digital signals are measured in bps, or bits per second

• Broadband - any transmission medium that transports high volumes (typically megabits) of data at high speeds 3 / 4

Connection Options - Correct Answer • Dial-up service (voice-grade circuits) - aka - POTS (or plain old telephone service) - basic voice-grade, analog telephone service • Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL): - transmission speeds ranging (Kbps to Mbps)

• Cable Modems: - data networks over cable TV systems

Video Case Study: What is Cable vs. DSL vs. Fiber Internet? - Correct Answer - Internet travels through wires

• cable: wires made of copper; used for TV and telephones: shared

- DSL: made with wire; individual; impacted by distance from Internet provider

• both cable and DSL use electric wavelength
• fiber: glass fiber optic wires; light wavelength; measured in gigabits per minute

Other Connection Options - Correct Answer • Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN): - first technology developed using a DSL protocol; offers bandwidths up to 256 Kbps - Commonly used internationally • Dedicated T1, T3, SONET, or ATM connections: - often used by larger organizations; much faster and more expensive than consumer oriented POTS, ADSL or ISDN connections.Physical Media: Cables - Correct Answer Three types: twisted-pair, coaxial, fiber-optic *Visual on Class 35 In-Person Slides pg. 18

Twisted-pair cables:

Category 3 cable: the type of twisted-pair cable that telephone companies primarily use for POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) to transmit voice signals Category 5 cable: carries signals between 10 and 100 times faster than coaxial cable, easy to install Coaxial cable: Much faster than Category 3 UTP cable, but more expensive and harder to install and maintain Fiber-optic cable: most expensive type of cable; transmits pulsing beams of light through very thin strands of glass or plastic, has the fastest transmission rate and highest immunity to noise

• / 4