MLAB 124 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY & URINALYSIS MID
TERM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATED 2024/2025
What are the functions of the Urinary System ? - Correct Answer Elimination, Regulation of Homeostasis and Production of hormones What is Elimination ? - Correct Answer Waste of products as in urine , Nitrogenous wastes, toxins, drugs What is Regulation of Homeostasis ? - Correct Answer Water balance, Electrolytes (Salts), Acid base balance in the blood What is Production of Hormones? - Correct Answer Erythropoietin , Renin, and Calcitriol What is Erythropoietin ? - Correct Answer Acts on the bone marrow to increase the production of red blood cells What is Renin ? - Correct Answer Blood pressure regulation. Mediates extracellular volume What is Calcitriol ? - Correct Answer The active form of Vitamin D . Promotes the absorption of calcium from food What are the organs of the Urinary System? - Correct Answer 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder ,
- urethra
What are the Kidneys? - Correct Answer Located in the abominal cavity, against the dorsal body wall .Filters the blood of waste products and exxess water excreted as urine (Urine 95 % water, 5 % waste) What are the regions of the kidney ? - Correct Answer Renal Cortex, Renal Medulla, Renal Pelvis, Renal Artery, and the Renal Vein What is the Renal Cortex? - Correct Answer Outer region , that contains over one million nephrons 1 / 3
What is the Renal Medulla ? - Correct Answer Inner region. that contains urine collecting tubules What is the Renal Pelvis ? - Correct Answer Inner collecting tube, urine collection before entering the ureters What is the Renal Artery ? - Correct Answer Takes blood to the kidney What is the Renal Vein ? - Correct Answer Blood is taken from the kidney What are Nephrons ? - Correct Answer The structural and functional unit of the kidneys . Over a million nephron in each kidney. Responsible for forming urine through filtration, re-absorption and secretion What are the main structures of the Nephrons ? - Correct Answer Glomerulus , Renal Tubule (Proximal convoluted, Loop of Henle, and Distal convoluted) What is the Glomerulus? - Correct Answer Cluster of blood capillaries , surrounded by a cup shaped membrane called the Bowman's capsules What is the Proximal convoluted ? - Correct Answer Collects filtrate from Bowman's capsule What is the Loop of Henle ? - Correct Answer A U shaped part between proximal and distal What is the distal convoluted ? - Correct Answer Empties into the collecting tubule How is urine formed? - Correct Answer Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery and flows into the nephrons. Filtration takes place in the caplillaries of the glomerulus . Blood leaves the kidney through the renal vein. Waste products filtered out of the blood remain in the kidney to be processed , ending in forming urine What is Filtration ? - Correct Answer Water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through capillary walls and pores into the renal tubule ; water , glucose, salt and urea. Blood cells and proteins cannot pass out to the capillaries . Filtrate is collected in the glomerular capsule and leaves via the renal tubule 2 / 3
What is Reabsorption ? - Correct Answer The peritubular capillaries reabsorb serverl useful materials that must be returned to the blood ; some water, glucose, amino acids Which materials are not reabsorbed ? - Correct Answer - Nitrogenous Waste Products
- Urea, Uric Acid, Creatinine
- Urea, Uric acid, Creatinone
- Excess water
- Can hold approx. 500 mL of urine
- Trigone (3 Openings)
- from the ureters
- to the urethra
- / 3
What is Urea ? - Correct Answer Major waste product of protein metabolism What is Secretion? - Correct Answer Some materials move from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules. Hydrogen and potassium ions, creatinine. Materials left in the renal tubule move toward the urter What are Ureters ? - Correct Answer Slender tubes , transporting urine to the bladder fromt he kidneys. Each ureter is approximately 10 to 12 inches in length and 1/2 inch in diameter. Peristalsis aids gravity in urine transport What is the Urinary Bladder ? - Correct Answer - A smooth, collapsible, muscular sac
What is the Urethra ? - Correct Answer A thin walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis. In females, the urethra functions only to carry urine. In males , carries urine and is a passageway for sperm cells What is Routine Urinalysis ? - Correct Answer The physical, chemical and microscopic analysis of urine. One of the most useful indicators of health or disease, especially to detect renal disorders What are the characteristics of urine ? - Correct Answer - Color : somewhat yellow due to the pigment urochrome (from the destruction of hemoglobin) and solutes. The more solutes in the urine the deeper the yellow the color .