Latest 2023 / 2024
Most common disorder of thyroid function
- Hypothyroidism
What does the hypothalamus release
- TRH- Thyrotropin releasing hormone
When TRH is released what happens
- Stimulates the pituitary gland to release TSH
TSH stimulates production of
- T4 and T3 by thyroid
So, if the thyroid gland is not producing enough thyroid hormone, then TSH will be
- Increased
If the thyroid gland is producing too much thyroid hormone, then TSH will be
- Decreased
Which hormone comes exclusively from thyroid
- T4 1 / 2
Grave disease is a type of
- Hyperthyroidism
Two categories of ophthalmopathy associated with Graves’ disease are
- Functional abnormalities
- Infiltrative changes
Functional abnormalities
- Resulting from hyperactivity of the sympathetic division of the
autonomic nervous system (lag of the globe on upward gaze or a lag of the upper lid on downward gaze)
Infiltrative changes
- Involving the orbital contents with enlargement of the ocular
muscles. These changes affect more than half of individuals with Graves’ disease. Increased secretion of hyaluronic acid, adipogenesis, inflammation, and edema of the orbital contents result in exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeball), periorbital edema, and extraocular muscle weakness leading to strabismus and diplopia (double vision)
The two most distinguishing factors of Grave's disease are
- Pretibial myxedema
- Exophthalmos
Hyperthyroid treatment
- Directed at controlling excessive TH production, secretion, or action
- / 2
and includes antithyroid drug therapy (methimazole or propylthiouracil), radioactive iodine therapy (absorbed only by thyroid tissue, causing death of cells), and surgery.