MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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Exam Name

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Which of the following is not a microorganism?

• mosquito B) helminth C) archaea D) bacteria E) fungi

1)

2) When do opportunistic pathogens tend to cause disease?

• when the host didn't wash with soap
• when the host is weakened
• when the host is young
• after the host is already infected with a different pathogen
• when the host is old

2)

3) Which of the following could be used as evidence for spontaneous generation?

• The broth in Pasteur's S-necked flasks did not spoil.
• Flies lay eggs that develop into maggots.
• Gauze-covered meat will not give rise to maggots.
• Uncovered meat will give rise to maggots.
• Shaking Pasteur's S-necked flasks did spoil the broth.

3)

4) showed that biogenesis is responsible for the propagation of life.

• Robert Hooke
• Joseph Lister
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
• Louis Pasteur
• Carl Linnaeus

4)

5) Robert Koch helped establish the germ theory of disease by discovering that anthrax was caused by a disease. After he isolated and purified the same bacteria from several diseased animals, what would be the next step in order to show that this bacteria caused anthrax?

• perform physiological testing
• visualize the bacteria with an electron microscope
• introduce the bacteria into a new mouse to see if it established the same infection
• find out if antibiotics treat the diseased animals
• culture the bacteria on Petri dishes

5)

6) How many principles are there in Koch's postulates of disease?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

6)

7) Aseptic technique can be used for all of the following except

• preventing healthcare-acquired infections.
• sterilizing working surfaces.
• limiting the spread of diseases.
• keeping samples pure for studying.
• safely studying microbes in the laboratory.

7) 1 / 4

2 8) Which of the following individuals does not correctly match with their contribution to microbiology.

• Robert Koch: Developed criteria for determining the causative agent of an infectious disease
• Ignaz Semmelweis: First developed aseptic techniques to decrease mortality rates from

childbed fever

• Florence Nightingale: Established the use of aseptic techniques in nursing practices
• Louis Pasteur: Showed that biogenesis is responsible for the propagation of life

E) Joseph Lister: Developed the first anesthetic solution for use in surgeries

8)

9) The scientific method starts with a(n)

• proposal.
• hypothesis.
• observation.
• question.
• prediction.

9)

10) Inference-observation confusion occurs when someone

• lies about what happened.
• jumps to a conclusion.
• incorrectly assesses a patient.
• cannot understand your accent.
• remembers events wrong.

10)

11) predict what happens, while explain how and why something occurs.

• Laws; theories
• Hypotheses; conclusions
• Observations; conclusions
• Observations; hypotheses
• Theories; laws

11)

12) Which of the following is the correct way to type a scientific name?

• escherichia coli
• Escherichia Coli
• Escherichia coli
• escherichia coli
• Escherichia coli

12)

13) What is the order of the taxonomic hierarchy from least specific to most specific?

• domain, order, class, kingdom, phylum, species, family, genus
• species, genus, order, family, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
• class, order, phylum, kingdom, domain, genus, family, species
• domain, phylum, order, kingdom, class, family, genus, species
• domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

13)

14) All of the following are reasons to classify a new strain of bacteria except

• take up genetic material from their environment.
• mutations.
• gene transfers.
• genetic variant.
• 50% different genetic material.

14) 2 / 4

3 15) Why can't prokaryotic species be defined as a group of similar organisms that could sexually reproduce together?

• The mating rituals of bacteria have not been studied enough.
• Bacteria reproduce asexually.
• Bacteria are all too different to be considered similar.
• We can't see them in enough detail to tell how similar they really are yet.
• They can be.

15)

16) Normal microbiota are responsible for all of the following except

• controlling epigenetic expression.
• producing vitamins for us.
• training our immune system.
• impacting our moods and brain functions.
• helping us digest foods.

16)

17) Which of the following does not contribute to shifts in our normal microbiota?

• our general environment
• hormonal changes
• proper hand-washing technique
• diet
• age

17)

18) Microbes and humans have evolved a variety of relationships, including where microbes help the host.

• symbiotic; parasitism
• dynamic; commensalism
• symbiotic; commensalism
• symbiotic; mutualism
• commensal; mutualism

18)

19) Carriers of the sickle-cell gene

• are often found in high concentrations in U.S. cities.
• have a survival advantage in areas where malaria is common.
• experience painful changes in nerve cell shape.
• are more susceptible to contracting malaria.
• are more likely to die from a malaria infection.

19)

20) Which of the following is true about bioremediation?

• The Environmental Protection Agency documents a handful of chemical spills per year in the

United States alone.

• Coagulators are used to condense the spill.
• Nitrogen, sulfur, phosphate, and sometimes iron supplements are added to the spill zone to

encourage microbial growth.

• A mix of bacteria, archaea, and fungi species is used to seed the spill zone.
• Bioremediation never harms the environment.

20) 3 / 4

4 21) All of the following are or can be produced by microbes except

• food like chocolate.
• drugs like penicillin.
• electronics like computer memory.
• consumer products like biodegradable plastics.
• biofuels like diesel.

21)

22) All of the following involve biofilms except

• atherosclerosis.
• endocarditis.
• kidney stones.
• conjunctivitis.
• inner ear infections.

22)

23) bacteria can create sticky communities called , which are made up of single or diverse microbial species.

• Planktonic; biofilms
• Plaque; hangouts
• Matrix; cavities
• Pathogenic; quorums
• Infectious; flora

23)

24) Which of the following statements is true?

• Agar is used as a solidifying agent for bacterial culture.
• Media for bacterial growth only comes in a few varieties.
• Picking which type of media format to use depends only on the space available.
• Scientists were not able to grow bacteria in the lab until the creation of the Petri dish.
• Picking which type of media to use depends on how much money you willing to spend.

24)

25) When practicing aseptic culturing techniques, it is important to keep all of the following in mind except

• all of the instruments and lab ware that directly touch the specimen is sterile.
• as long as nothing unintended touches the media, there will be no contamination.
• gloves and other protecting clothing may be required depending on the specimen being used.
• surrounding surfaces are decontaminated before and after handling cultures.
• the media used to grow the specimen is sterile.

25)

26) A biological safety cabinet minimizes the chances of contaminating cultures by all of the following except

• maintaining a specific flow of filtered air.
• consistent flame sterilization on the inside surfaces.
• readily being decontaminated using UV light.
• limiting access to inside the cabinet.
• regular surface cleaning with an antimicrobial solution.

26)

27) The goal of the streak plate technique is to

• compare how the shape, color and margin differ in colonies from a pure culture.
• compare all of the colonies on a plate with a mixed culture.
• visualize all of the colonies on a plate from a pure culture.
• isolate a pure culture for study from a single colony.
• spread out a thick layer of bacteria and isolate the bacteria that outcompete the rest.

27)

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