pg. 1 N491 Med-Surg HESI Practice Exam/ Questions with Correct Verified Answers – Latest Update 2024/ Rated A+
The nurse is assessing a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which finding is most important for the nurse to respond to first?
- Peripheral neuropathy.
- Potassium 6.0 mEq.
- Uremic fetor.
- Daily urine output of 400 ml. - ANSWER - B. Potassium 6.0 mEq.
During assessment of a client with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which finding should the nurse identify when planning care for this client?
- Muscle weakness.
- A decline in cognitive function.
- Abnormal involuntary movements.
- Urinary frequency. - ANSWER - A. Muscle weakness.
A client with multiple sclerosis has experienced an exacerbation of symptoms, including paresthesias, diplopia, and nystagmus. Which instruction should the nurse provide?
- Restrict intake of high protein foods.
- Schedule extra rest periods.
- Stay out of direct sunlight.
- Go to the emergency room immediately. - ANSWER - B. Schedule extra rest periods.
The nurse is assessing a client's laboratory values following administration of chemotherapy. Which lab value leads the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)? 1 / 4
pg. 2
- Oxygen saturation of 90%.
- Serum calcium of 5 mg/dL.
- Hemoglobin of 10 g/dL.
- Serum PTT of 10 seconds. - ANSWER - B. Serum calcium of 5 mg/dL
TLS results in hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia.
A client has been taking oral corticosteroids for the past five days because of seasonal allergies. Which assessment finding is of most concern to the nurse?
- Purulent sputum.
- Excessive hunger.
- White blood count of 10,000 mm3.
- Serum glucose of 115 mg/dl. - ANSWER - A. Purulent sputum.
Which description of pain is consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?
- Joint pain is worse in the morning and involves symmetric joints.
- Joint pain is worse during the day and involves unilateral joints.
- Joint pain is better in the morning and worsens throughout the day.
- Joint pain is consistent throughout the day and is relieved by pain medication. - ANSWER - A. Joint
pain is worse in the morning and involves symmetric joints.
A 46-year-old female client is admitted for acute renal failure secondary to diabetes and hypertension.Which test is the best indicator of adequate glomerular filtration?
- Sedimentation rate.
- Urine specific gravity.
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN).
- Serum creatinine. - ANSWER - D. Serum creatinine.
BUN is also an indicator of renal activity, but it can be affected by non-renal factors such as hypovolemia and increased protein intake. 2 / 4
pg. 3
What types of medications should the nurse expect to administer to a client during an acute respiratory distress episode?
- Anticoagulants and expectorants.
- Vasodilators and hormones.
- Bronchodilators and steroids.
- Analgesics and sedatives. - ANSWER - C. Bronchodilators and steroids.
A client who was in a motor vehicle collision was admitted to the hospital and the right knee was placed in skeletal traction. The nurse has documented this nursing diagnosis in the client's medical record: "Potential for impairment of skin integrity related to immobility from traction." Which nursing intervention is indicated based on this diagnosis statement?
- Release the traction q4h to provide skin care.
- Give back care after the client is released from traction.
- Provide back and skin care while maintaining the traction.
- Turn the client for back care while suspending traction. - ANSWER - C. Provide back and skin care
while maintaining the traction.
Which postmenopausal client's complaint should the nurse refer to the healthcare provider?
- Episodes of vaginal bleeding.
- Breasts feel lumpy when palpated.
- Excessive diaphoresis occurs at night.
- History of white nipple discharge. - ANSWER - A. Episodes of vaginal bleeding.
A 20-year-old female client calls the nurse to report a lump she found in her breast. Which response is the best for the nurse to provide?
- "If you are in your menstrual period it is not a good time to check for lumps."
- "Check it again in one month, and if it is still there schedule an appointment."
- "Most lumps are benign, but it is always best to come in for an examination."
- "Try not to worry too much about it, because usually, most lumps are benign." - ANSWER - C. "Most
lumps are benign, but it is always best to come in for an examination." 3 / 4
pg. 4
The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is newly diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.Which clinical cues should the nurse describe when teaching the client about hypoglycemia?
- Fruity breath, tachypnea, chest pain.
- Sweating, trembling, tachycardia.
- Nausea, vomiting, anorexia.
- Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia. - ANSWER - B. Sweating, trembling, tachycardia.
The nurse working in a postoperative surgical clinic is assessing a woman who had a left radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Which factor puts this client at greatest risk for developing lymphedema?
- She sustained an insect bite to her left arm yesterday.
- Her healthcare provider now prescribes a calcium channel blocker for hypertension.
- She has lost twenty pounds since the surgery.
- Her hobby is playing classical music on the piano. - ANSWER - A. She sustained an insect bite to her
left arm yesterday.
The nurse is teaching a female client about the best time to plan sexual intercourse in order to conceive.Which information should the nurse provide?
- Two weeks before menstruation.
- Low basal temperature.
- First thing in the morning.
- Vaginal mucous discharge is thick. - ANSWER - A. Two weeks before menstruation.
A 58-year-old client who has been post-menopausal for five years is concerned about the risk for osteoporosis because her mother has the condition. Which information should the nurse offer?
- Osteoporosis is a progressive genetic disease with no effective treatment.
- Low-dose corticosteroid treatment effectively halts the course of osteoporosis.
- Estrogen replacement therapy should be started to prevent the progression osteoporosis.
- Calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increasing calcium intake and exercise. - ANSWER - D.
- / 4
Calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increasing calcium intake and exercise.