Natural Science Final Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions 2024/2025 Biology - Correct Answer The study of life and living things cell membrane - Correct Answer the structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell Cells - Correct Answer the basic units that make up all living organisms Chloroplast - Correct Answer the organelle in plant cells that capture energy from sunlight to build organic molecules Chromosomes - Correct Answer DNA containing structures in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Cytoplasm - Correct Answer the part of the cell that is outside the nucleus DNA - Correct Answer deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that stores genetic information in living organisms; a double-stranded molecule consisting of a sugar-phosphate backbone attached to a series of nitrogenous bases Eukaryotes - Correct Answer Organisms whose cells have a nucleus, such as animals and plants mitochondria - Correct Answer organelles that break down food molecules to provide the energy that cells need to carry out their function nucleus - Correct Answer a structure in eukaryotic cells that contains the cells DNA Organelles - Correct Answer structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that have specific functions organism - Correct Answer an individual living thing such as a plant or an animal Prokaryote - Correct Answer organisms whose cells have no nucleus, such as bacteria 1 / 2
active transport - Correct Answer transport across the cell membrane in which energy is required from the cell ATP - Correct Answer adenosine triphosphate, the molecule that provides energy for most cellular process cellular respiration - Correct Answer the aerobic, or oxygen-using breakdown of glucose to obtain ATP enzyme - Correct Answer a protein that lowers the activation energy for a chemical reaction, allowing the reaction to happen more quickly mitosis - Correct Answer a type of cell division in which one cell divides into two cells, each of which has the same genetic information as the original cell passive transport - Correct Answer transport across the cell membrane that does not require energy from the cell, such as diffusion and facilitated diffusion photosynthesis - Correct Answer the process in plants and certain other organisms in which light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy in organic molecules Adaptation - Correct Answer a trait that makes organisms well suited to living and reproducing in their enviorements artificial selection - Correct Answer the breeding of organism with traits humans like in order to produce offspring with similar traits Evolution - Correct Answer inherited changes in living organisms over time heritable - Correct Answer describes traits that are passed from parents to offspring because they are determined at least partly by genes
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