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NAVLE FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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*A 5-year old indoor/outdoor male neutered short hair presents for a wound on the chest. The owner noticed a hole in the skin and thought he had a ruptured abscess. On close examination of the wound, you notice a larva inside the hole. Which organism is most likely under the skin?*
A - Culicoides B - Ctenocephalides C - Cuterebra D - Ancylostoma - CORRECT ANSWER -*C - Cuterebra*
Rationale; Cuterebra is a fly that lays its eggs on soil or plants.The eggs stick to the animal's fur when they come into contact.The eggs hatch, and the larvae either penetrate the skin, are ingested when the animal grooms, or they enter the animal's body through a natural opening, such as the nose. In most cases, the larvae migrate to areas just under the skin on the head, neck, or trunk of the animal. In dogs, cats, and ferrets, who are not the 1 / 4
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usual hosts of this parasite, the larvae may also migrate to the brain, eye, eyelids, or throat.
*You go to a ranch to evaluate the sudden death of a bull. There is black, bloody discharge from all orifices. There is incomplete rigor mortis despite being dead for a day. What is your most likely diagnosis?*
A - Anthrax B - Moldy sweet clover toxicity C - Tetanus D - Botulism E - Grass staggers - CORRECT ANSWER -*A - Anthrax*
Rationale; Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis. The black blood from the orifices, incomplete rigor mortis, and acute death is very characteristic of the disease in cattle. Lesions occur in the reticuloendothelial system and vasculature. Do not perform a necropsy on the animal as you would potentially release spores into the environment. You should notify the authorities if you suspect the disease.
*A poultry operation has been having problems with sick birds and many have died over the past few months. A few showed 2 / 4
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torticollis before death. Some of the currently ill fowl have swollen joints, wattles, and footpads. One of the broilers with swollen wattles is sacrificed. There is caseous, suppurative material inside the wattle and necrotic lung lesions. Which one of the following agents is likely involved?*
A - Fowlpox B - Pasteurella multocida C - Marek's disease virus D - Salmonella gallinarum E - Paramyxovirus - CORRECT ANSWER -*B - Pasteurella multocida*
Rationale; Pasteurella multocida is the causative agent of fowl cholera. Older chickens are more vulnerable than younger chickens.
*This 25-year-old Quarter Horse mare is presented for evaluation in July in the northern hemisphere. She is diagnosed with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Which one of the following medications would be most likely to be beneficial to this mare?*
A - Isoxsuprine 3 / 4
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B - Glucocorticoids C - Pentoxifylline D - Pergolide E - Methimazole - CORRECT ANSWER -*D - Pergolide*
Rationale; Pergolide is the treatment of choice for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). PPID is characterized by degeneration of dopamine producing neurons in the hypothalamus that normally exert an inhibitory action on the pituitary pars intermedia, resulting in functional adenomas in the pars intermedia that produce high levels of adrenocorticotropin hormone. Clinical signs and laboratory findings include hypertrichosis, poor muscle tone, laminitis, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, and increased susceptibility to infection.Diagnosis is commonly made by documenting increases in plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone levels in affected animals.
*A 5-month old female cat presents to you for weight loss, chronic diarrhea and steatorrhea. The organism seen in a stained fecal smear is shown in the image below (this is a magnified 40X image, the organism is approximately 15 x 8 um). Which treatment is most appropriate?*
A - Sulfadimethoxine B - Penicillin
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