NCTI AP FINAL Latest Update 2025-2026 180

NCTI A&P FINAL Latest Update 2025-2026 180 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+

12 cranial nerves in order - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Olfactory - sense of smell -

sensory

• Optic - sense of sight - sensory
• Oculomotor - movement of the eyeball, raising the eyelid, change in pupil size -

mixed

• Trochlear - movement of the eyeball - mixed - cant move eyes in a particular direction
• Trigeminal - trigeminal - chewing of food, sensation in face, scalp, cornea, and teeth
• Abducens - movement of the eyeball - mixed - cant move eyes laterally - sensory
• Facial - facial expressions, secretion of saliva and tears, taste, blinking - mixed
• Vestibulocochlear - sense of hearing and balance - mixed
• Glossopharyngeal - swallowing, secretion of saliva, taste, sensor for the reflex,

regulation of blood pressure, part of gag reflex - mixed

• Vagus - visceral muscle movement and sensations, especially movement and

secretion of the digestive system, sensory for reflex regulation and blood pressure - mixed

• Accessory - swallowing, head and shoulder movement, speaking - mixed
• Hypoglossal - speech and swallowing - mixed

abdominopelvic cavity - CORRECT ANSWER: abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Aceytlcholine - CORRECT ANSWER: neurotransmitter associated with voluntary

muscle control, attention, and arousal

active immunity - CORRECT ANSWER: A form of acquired immunity in which the body

produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens. 1 / 3

adrenal glands - CORRECT ANSWER: a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress.

adrenergic receptors - CORRECT ANSWER: receptor sites for the sympathetic

neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine

afterload - CORRECT ANSWER: the amount of pressure that the heart needs to exert to eject the blood during ventricular contraction. This is recorded as the systolic pressure of the heart.

Alpha 1 receptors - CORRECT ANSWER: vasoCONSTRICTION -> increase BP, dilate

pupils

anabolism vs catabolism - CORRECT ANSWER: anabolism (building up) and

catabolism (breaking down)

anaerobic respiration - CORRECT ANSWER: Respiration in the absence of oxygen.

This produces lactic acid.

Anatomy of a neuron - CORRECT ANSWER: - Dendrites : fibers that receive messages from other neurons

• Cell body (with nucleus) integrates incoming signals from dendrites

- Axons : fibers that carry outgoing signals to other neurons or organs.

There are gaps between

- Synapse: region where the neuron meets other neuron or target cell

• Signals are sent via Neurotransmitters

Anatomy of the Ear - Outer Ear - CORRECT ANSWER: - Auricle (pinna) 2 / 3

• Auditory canal with guard hairs, cerumen

Anatomy of the Ear: Middle Ear - CORRECT ANSWER: - Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

• Tympanic cavity of temporal bone
• Auditory (eustachian) tube

- Auditory ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes

• Oval window

Anatomy of the eye - CORRECT ANSWER: Includes conjunctiva, cornea, sclera,

choroid, retina, iris, lens, aqueous and vitreous humor, ciliary body, optic nerve

Anatomy of the inner ear - CORRECT ANSWER: cochlea and vestibular apparatus

anatomy of urinary system - CORRECT ANSWER: 2 kidneys

• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra

Arteries vs. Veins - CORRECT ANSWER: - Arteries are thicker and carry blood away from heart.

• Veins bring blood to the heart

ATP - CORRECT ANSWER: (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells

use for most of their work

auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) - CORRECT ANSWER: three small bones

linked together that connect the eardrum to the inner ear

• / 3