2024 CPPS 303 - Adrenal Gland New Full Questions and Answers ( Included ) 100% Correct
- There are two adrenal glands each weighing ~4g where are they located?
Answer: - Above the upper pole of each kidney
- What is the adrenal gland composed of?
Answer: A capsule, an inner medulla and an outer cortex
- What are made from cholesterol?
Answer: Coritsol and aldosterone
- What is cortisol considered?
Answer: A glucocorticoid because it increases plasma glucose levels. Deficiency of cortisol can result in hypoglycemia
- What is aldosterone considered?
Answer: A mineralocorticoid because it promotes salt and water retention by the
kidney
- What do chromaffin cells produce?
Answer: Epinephrine or adrenaline and norepinephrine from tyrosine
- What are the steroid hormones of the adrenal cortex that are derivatives of
cholesterol?
Answer:
Cortisol Aldosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone
- Where is cortisol produced?
Answer: The zona faciculata of the adrenal cortex from cholesterol containing low- density lipoprotein
- What is the primary glucocorticoid hormone in humans?
Answer: Cortisol
- About 90% of the cortisol is transported bound to CBG which is also known as?
Answer: Transcortin
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- Cortisol like all steroids binds to intracellular receptors within target cells and
translocates?
Answer: To the nucleus to nodulate gene transcription in multiple tissues
- The glucocorticoids is primarily located in the cytoplasm, where in its unbound
form it?Answer: is complexed to a chaperone protein such as the heat shock protein hsp90
- How does cortisol increase plasma glucose concentration?
Answer: By enhancing the mobilization of amino acids from proteins and enhancing the ability of the liver to convert these amino acids into glucose and glycogen by activating gluconeogenesis Increase protein catabolism and decrease new protein synthesis in muscles Increase lipolysis and allow additional glycerol to the liver for gluconeogenesis
- What are essential for survival during fasting by stimulating the production of
glucose from different routes?
Answer: Cortisol
- What are the anti-inflammatory activity functions of cortisol?
Answer: Cortisol enhance the synthesis of lipocortin that inhibits phospholipase A an enzyme responsible for producing arachidonic acid, a precursor of inflammatory products Arachidonic acid is the precursor for the prostaglandins and leukotrienes that mediate the inflammatory response Cortisol inhibits the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin--2 and reduces the proliferation of T-lymphocytes
- What are the two types of immunity?
Answer: innate and adaptive
- What mediate cytotoxic innate immunity?
Answer: Natural killer cells
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