NR 228 Nutrition in Cancer AIDS

NR 228 Nutrition in Cancer & AIDS Latest 2023 / 2024

• The stage of carcinogenesis in which the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the cell undergoes mutation is

called

• initiation.
• metastasis.
• promotion.
• progression.

ANS: A

The DNA of the cell undergoes mutation in the initiation stage of carcinogenesis. Promotion is the second stage in which abnormal cell growth occurs. Progression is the third stage in which cancer cells spread beyond their original location. Metastasis is formation of cancer in secondary sites.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 470 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological integrity | Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance

• Dietary factors that may help protect against carcinogenesis include
• electrolytes.
• amino acids.
• antioxidants.
• monounsaturated fatty acids.

ANS: C

Dietary antioxidants, found in fruits and vegetables as well as some other foods, may help protect against carcinogenesis. Electrolytes, amino acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids are all important in maintaining good nutritional status but do not help protect against carcinogenesis.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: pp. 471-472 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment, Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance

• Fruits and vegetables contain some specific chemicals that help prevent cancer, known as
• phytosterols.
• vitamins.
• antineoplastics.
• phytochemicals.

ANS: D

Fruits and vegetables contain phytochemicals that help prevent cancer. They have antineoplastic qualities, but this is not what they are called. Fruits and vegetables contain vitamins, but not all vitamins help prevent cancer. Phytosterols are found in plant oils and help lower blood cholesterol 1 / 2

level.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 471 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment, Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance

• A dietary change that would help prevent cancer, according to the National Cancer Institute

recommendations, is

• eating vegetarian meals two or more times a week.
• choosing organic, pesticide-free fruits and vegetables.
• eating five or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables.
• consuming three or more daily servings of low-fat dairy products.

ANS: C

Eating five of more daily servings of fruits and vegetables would help prevent cancer. Eating vegetarian meals two or more times a week may help prevent cardiovascular disease. Choosing organic, pesticide-free fruits and vegetables would help protect the environment. Consuming three or more daily servings of low-fat dairy products would help prevent osteoporosis and hypertension.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 471 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health promotion and maintenance

• The syndrome of loss of lean body mass and body fat stores that occurs in many patients with cancer

is called

• cachexia.
• anorexia.
• neoplasia.
• catabolism.

ANS: A

The syndrome of loss of lean body mass and body fat stores that occurs in many patients with cancer is called cachexia. Anorexia refers to loss of appetite or restriction of food intake without the metabolic effects that cause excessive wasting; anorexia may contribute to cachexia in patients with cancer. Neoplasia refers to the abnormal proliferation of cells seen in cancer. Catabolism refers to the breakdown of lean tissue and fat leads to wasting.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 471 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological integrity

• Benefits of adequate dietary intake in patients with cancer include
• decreased risk of hypertension.
• increased tolerance of therapy.
• prevention of metastasis of the disease.
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