NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam Latest 2023 - 2024

NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam (Latest 2023 - 2024) New Full Questions and Answers ( Included ) 100% Correct

1. Etiology: Cause of particular disease on microscopic level

2. Pathogenesis: Story of how disease develops

3. Atrophy: Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass

4. Hypertrophy: Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass

5. Hyperplasia: Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass

• Metaplasia: Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex:chronic smokers,

cells lose cilia

7. Dysplasia: Cells are different looking varying in size and shape

8. Neoplasia: New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign

9. Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body

10. Ischemia: Deficit of oxygen in the cells

11. Hypoxia: Reduced oxygen in the tissues

• Iatrogenic: illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex:CAUTI
• Autosomal Recessive Disorders: Has to have two recessive genes to havedisease, only one

recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylke-tonuria), Tay-Sachs

• Cystic fibrosis: autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secre-tions
• PKU (phenylketonuria): autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize

phenylalanine. Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict verylow protein diet

• Tay-Sachs: autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing fatty

proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in thebrain and spinal cord

• Autosomal Dominant Disorders: Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no carriers,

either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's,Familial Hypercholesterolemia

• Marfan Syndrome: Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities,congenital heart

defects

• Huntington's Disease: Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break downover time, causing

involuntary movements

• Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high choles-terol

21. X-Linked Disorders: Disorder carried on the x chromosome

• Recessive X-Linked Disorders: Color blindness, more prominent in males,XcY male color

blind, XcXc female color blind. XcX not color blind only carrier.

23. Chromosomal Disorder: not inherited, theres a problem on the chromosome

• Types of Chromosomal Disorders: Down's Syndrome, Turner Syndrome,Klinefelter Syndrome

25. Down's Syndrome: Trisomy 21

26. Turner Syndrome: Only affects females, short stature, infertility, XO

• Klinefelter Syndrome: Only affects males, develop breasts and small testes,extra X chromosome

present XXY

28. Intracellular Fluid: Fluid inside the cell, accounts for 2/3 of body water

• Extracellular Fluid: Fluid outside the cell, IVF (intravascular fluid or blood plas-ma), ISF (interstitial
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