NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology EXAM 1– Questions WITH Answers latest 2024 what are the three types of RNA? - ANSWER messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA What is in the cytoplasm? - ANSWER the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.what are ribosomes? - ANSWER site of protein synthesis What is the golgi complex? - ANSWER the organelle that processes and transports proteins and other materials out of the cell modifies proteins and packages them into secretory granules bound for the membrane. 1 / 4
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? - ANSWER An organelle that synthesizes and packages proteins.Studded with ribosomes.What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? - ANSWER No ribosomes attached, its main function is lipid synthesis and carbs metabolism.What are lysosomes? - ANSWER -intracellular digestion -contains digestive enzymes that digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria what happens if proteins build-up in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? What can it cause? What diseases are associated with it? - ANSWER -It causes ER stress and will cause the cell to stop producing proteins to restore homeostasis -too many proteins will cause inflammation of the cell and may cause cell death -Has been implicated in IBS, genetic form of diabetes, and myositis (d/o skeletal muscles) 2 / 4
What is exocytosis? - ANSWER a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.what is lysosomal storage disorder? - ANSWER Any disorder that affect an enzyme within a cell that is used to process a protein/carbohydrate/etc, leading to accumulation of these products What is cellular respiration? - ANSWER Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen what is unique about mitochondria DNA? - ANSWER it is found in the mitochondria matrix and is different than chromosomal DNA Inherited from mom what triggers apotosis? - ANSWER Mitochondria is the key driver 3 / 4
What are cilia? where are they found? What else can they do? - ANSWER These are hair-like appendages which wave back and fourth pushing along secretions or particles.can also be used for sensory information in. the eye and inner ear Found in the nasal passage and GI tract What are flagella? what is an example? - ANSWER Are tail- like appendages that whip through fluids, to help the cell move. Such as a sperm What is polycystic kidney disease? - ANSWER Its a hereditary disorder that is characterized by grapelike cysts in place of normal kidney tissue.This affects the cilia in the renal tubular celfts what is moncillia syndrome? - ANSWER A defect in of the cilia in the resp. tract
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