NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Latest Update 2024-2025 Actual Exam 170 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
3 characteristics of bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER: bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
3 layers of the bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER: innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria outermost layer
Acute Kidney Injury - CORRECT ANSWER: Sudden decline in kidney function with a
decrease in GFR and an increase in plasma creatinine and BUN levels -results in oliguria
After air passes through the trachea where does it go? - CORRECT ANSWER: goes
into the left or right bronchi
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER: the amount of resistance to open the semilunar valves and eject of blood from the ventricle
alveolar hyperinflation - CORRECT ANSWER: When air is unable to move out of the
alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
anemia risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER: acute or chronic blood loss, increased
hemolysis, inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption, bone marrow suppression, age 1 / 3
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) - CORRECT ANSWER: an enzyme that converts
angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Ascending infection - CORRECT ANSWER: - urethra to bladder, and then to kidney
- due to: bacteria from residual fecal contamination
Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER: Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an
excessive inflammatory response in the bronchioles
average amount of preload? - CORRECT ANSWER: 120-130 mls
Azoetmia - CORRECT ANSWER: presence of elevated plasma creatinine
benign prostatic hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER: benign growth of cells within the prostate gland
Biventricular failure - CORRECT ANSWER: unresolved left sided heart failure will increase pressure on the right side of the heart contributing to right sided heart failure as well
Bladder anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER: - ureter
- bladder
-urethra
blood cell formation in adults over 20 - CORRECT ANSWER: red marrow in large bones -illium, vertebrae, cranium, jaw, sternum, ribs, humerus, and femur
Blood cell formation in chidren 0-5 years old - CORRECT ANSWER: red marrow of all bones to make blood cells 2 / 3
blood hydrostatic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER: the pressure produced by a fluid
against a surface
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) - CORRECT ANSWER: Age-associated prostate
gland enlargement that can cause urination difficulty.
BPH treatment - CORRECT ANSWER: - Alpha-adrenergic antagonists: terazosin, doxazosin
- 5-alpha reductase inhibitors: finasteride, dutasteride
- Transurethral prostatectomy
- Open prostatectomy
Bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER: smaller passageways that originate from the
bronchi that become the alveoli
bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER: inflammation of the bronchial tubes
cardiac reserve - CORRECT ANSWER: difference between resting and maximal CO;
should be about 4-5x as high but does decrease 1% per year after age 30
causes of anemia - CORRECT ANSWER: - impaired RBC production
- excessive blood loss
- increased RBC destruction
Causes of bronchitis - CORRECT ANSWER: -long term exposure to environmental
irritants -repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy) -Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
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