NR 507 Midterm weeks 1-4 patho Question 1
- / 2 pts
What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?
Globulin
Albumin
Clotting factors
Complement proteins
Albumin (approximately 60% of total plasma protein at a concentration of about 4 g/dl) is the most abundant plasma protein.
IncorrectQuestion 2
- / 2 pts
Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?
Cells have broken through the local basement membrane.
Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue.
Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells. 1 / 4
Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia.
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) refers to preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin. These early stage cancers are localized to the epithelium and have not broken through the local basement membrane or invaded the surrounding tissue. Dysplasia refers to changes in mature cell structure.
Question 3
- / 2 pts
Which laboratory test is considered adequate for an accurate and reliable diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man?
Ligase chain reaction (LCR)
Gram-stain technique
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
DNA testing
Microscopic evaluation of Gram-stained slides of clinical specimens is deemed positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae if gram-negative diplococci with the typical “kidney bean” morphologic appearance are found inside polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Such a finding is considered adequate for the diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man. The other options are not relevant to the diagnosis of this condition.
Question 4
- / 2 pts 2 / 4
The Papanicolaou (Pap) test is used to screen for which cancer?
Ovarian
Uterine
Cervical
Vaginal
The Pap test, an examination of cervical epithelial scrapings, readily detects early oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV)infection. The Pap test is not used for screening the other cancer sites listed.
IncorrectQuestion 5
- / 2 pts
Causes of hyperkalemia include:
Hyperparathyroidism and malnutrition
Vomiting and diarrhea
Renal failure and Addison disease
Hyperaldosteronism and Cushing disease 3 / 4
Hyperkalemia should be investigated when a history of renal disease, massive trauma, insulin deficiency, Addison disease, use of potassium salt substitutes, or metabolic acidosis exists. The other options are not known to be causes of hyperkalemia.
Question 6
- / 2 pts
What is the major concern regarding the treatment of gonococci infections?
Development of antibiotic resistance
Changes in virulence
Changes in pathogenicity
Mutations into different strains
Several types of drug-resistant strains have been identified; they are penicillinaseproducing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG), which is resistant to penicillin; tetracyclineresistant N.gonorrhoeae (TRNG), which is resistant to tetracycline; chromosomal control of mechanisms of resistance of N. gonorrhoeae (CMRNG), which is resistant to penicillin and tetracycline; and increasingly a fluoroquinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae ( QRNG). The other options are not major concerns.
Question 7
- / 2 pts
Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an):
Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
- / 4