NR 508 Advanced Pharmacology Week 5 Quiz
Preferred oral agent for DM type 2 (ANS- metformin
Vitamin deficiency associated with metformin
(ANS- B12
Adverse effect of oral diabetes meds (ANS- n/v/d, flatulence, myalgia, HA. Some cause weight gain. Lactic acidosis (metformin)
Risk with SGLT2 inhibitors (ANS- amputations, acidosis, yeast/mycotic infections, renal injury, hyperkalemia
Preferred antihypertensive for African American (ANS- CCB and ARB
Preferred antihypertensive with chronic kidney disease
(ANS- ACE/ARB
Use and side effect of acetazolamide (ANS- Treatment of open angle glaucoma and acute mountain sickness. Side effect - can cause metabolic acidosis.
use and side effect of eplerenone (ANS- Aldosterone agonist. For treatment of moderate to severe HF with reduced EF. Can cause hyperkalemia. Monitor renal function.
use and side effect of spironolactone (ANS- Add to ACE and loop in treatment of severe CHF. Side effect - hypokalemia (dose dependent)
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use and side effect of triamterene (ANS- Weak diuretic. Also interferes with bicarbonate reabsorption and causes bicarb loss in urine. Used in treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis. Excessive loss can cause metabolic acidosis.
Therapeutic use of mannitol (ANS- Osmotic diuretic. Reduce intracranial pressure or intraocular pressure in glaucoma
therapeutic use of acetazolamide (ANS- treatment of open angle glaucoma and acute mountain sickness
MOA of eplerenone (ANS- Competitively inhibit aldosterone receptor. Useful in tx of cirrhosis, ascites and advance HF
Diuretic to use in chronic calcium stones (ANS- Thiazide
Most effective diuretic for HTN, CHF and renal failure (ANS- loop diuretics
Which diuretic is a mineralcorticoid agonist (ANS- spironolactone
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to treat altitude sickness (ANS- acetazolamide
Fendoldopam MOA and use (ANS- Rapid acting arteriolar vasodilator. Dopamine 1 receptor agonist. Used for treatment of malignant hypertension.
Adverse effect of hydralazine 2 / 3
(ANS- lupus like syndrome. Palps, n/v/d, HA, constipation (common). Tachy, paresthesias, paralytic ileus, blood dyscrasia, abn LFT, myalgia (serious).
BB with alpha blocking an non-selective BB action (ANS- labetolol and carvedilol
MOA of alpha methyldopa (ANS- stimulate central inhibitory alpha adrenergic receptors. Inhibit sympathetic cardioaccelerator and vasoconstrictor centers. Results in reduced sympathetic outflow from CNS causing decreased peripheral resistance, renal vascular resistance HR and BP.
Vasodilating antihypertensive that promotes hair growth (ANS- monoxidil
Prazosin MOA, contraindications and adverse effect (ANS- 1st dose syncope and hyoptension
MOA of esmolol (brevibloc)
(ANS- Beta blocker. Indication: intraoperative hypertension and arrhythmia.
Alternate med for ACEI cough
(ANS- ARB
which CCB slows heart conduction (ANS- diltiazem and verapamil
MOA and indication for nifedipine (ANS- CCB. Block inward flow of calcium. Decreased force of contraction (negative inotrope), decreased CO. Effect on vascular smooth muscle > efect on
cardiac conduction. Indication: HTN, angina, raynauds. DO NOT use immediately
after MI or in acute coronary syndrome.
How to avoid nitrate tolerance if using NTG patch (ANS- remove patch in PM. Scheduled off time
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