NR 511 MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW 2024
WITH 300 QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS (GUARANTEED A)
CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY / NR 511
MIDTERM EXAM LATEST APRIL 2024
T of F: Empiric antimicrobial therapy is recommended for patients with severe
diarrhea suspected form traveling. - ANSWER-True. Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Floxacin.
T or F: Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients traveling to high-risk areas is
appropriate. - ANSWER-True
How effective is antibiotic prophylaxis for patients traveling to high-risk areas? - ANSWER-90% effective
What does antibiotic prophylaxis treatment consist of? - ANSWER-Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, or Floxacin given once daily until 2 days after returning home.
What is an appropriate symptomatic treatment for patients < 65 years or age with moderate to severe diarrhea? - ANSWER-Two-day course of Loperamide (Imodium)
What is an appropriate symptomatic treatment for patients < 65 years or age with significant vomiting? - ANSWER-Two-day course of Zofran or Phenergan.
- / 4
What is the best way to prevent AGE? - ANSWER-Hand washing.
T or F: Kids can attend daycare with infectious diarrhea as long as they're
separated from other children. - ANSWER-False! Not until the diarrhea has stopped.
If pain is present in the right lower quadrant, what might be the etiology related to bowel disorders? - ANSWER-IBD, IBS, Infectious Colitis, and Constipation
If pain is present in the left lower quadrant, what might be the etiology related to bowel disorders? - ANSWER-Diverticulitis, IBS, IBD, Constipation, and Infectious Colitis.
If pain is present in the left upper quadrant, what might be the etiology related to bowel disorders? - ANSWER-Stomach ulcers, pancreatitis, and gastritis.
If pain is present in the right upper quadrant, what might be the etiology related to bowel disorders? - ANSWER-Gall bladder, hepatitis, and pancreatitis.
T or F: IBS is a disorder of bowel function in the absence of an atomic
abnormality. - ANSWER-True
What are common symptoms of IBS? - ANSWER-Changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea (IBS-D), constipation (IBS-C), abdominal pain, bloating, rectal urgency with diarrhea.
What are common causes of N/V associated with gastritis? - ANSWER-Alcohol, NSAIDs, ASA, ABX, and illicit substances
- / 4
What is the most common cause of nausea and vomiting? - ANSWER-Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE)
What are some manifestations of AGE? - ANSWER-Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain. May also include fatigue, malaise, anorexia, tenesmus and borborygmus.
How is the severity of AGE gauged? - ANSWER-Dehydration secondary to profuse watery diarrhea, fever greater than 101ºF (38.3ºC), vomiting, or dysentery.
What are important parts of a patient's history when AGE is suspected? - ANSWER-Travel, dining locations, ABX history..
What happens to the pH of the stomach when antacids are taken and how does this affect bacteria? - ANSWER-High pH can make it easier for bacteria to survive and cause and infection.
How does motility of the GI tract affect bacteria colonization? - ANSWER-Small bowel stasis as a result of obstruction, diverticulitis, or blind loop syndrome frequently develop an overgrowth of bacteria within the stagnant segment.
Which immunoglobulin may protect the GI tract against invading organisms? - ANSWER-IgA...may also help protect against a future attack by the same pathogen.
Onset of N/V begin within 6 hours after exposure. Is this bacterial or viral? -
ANSWER-Bacterial: time frame suggests food poisoning resulting from the
ingestion of a preformed toxin such as that of Bacillus cereus.
- / 4
What two indications are highly suggestive of viral AGE? - ANSWER-Incubation periods greater than 14 hours and the initial symptom of vomiting.
If a patient presents with AGE and reports bloody stools, what can be understood about the reason for blood in the stool/ - ANSWER-Mucosal damage and inflammatory process secondary to invasive pathogens.
What do frothy stools and flatus suggest? - ANSWER-Malabsorption problem.
Patients with prolonged AGE illness who are malnourished may present with edema. What is the reason? - ANSWER-Hypoalbuminemia
T or F: Chronic diarrhea usually has a noninfectious etiology. - ANSWER-True
T or F: Acute diarrhea usually is caused by infectious agents or toxins - ANSWER- True
What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in adults? - ANSWER- Norovirus
What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in pediatrics? - ANSWER- Rotavirus. This has been greatly reduced since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine.
T or F: Stool studies are indicated in the absence of bloody diarrhea or systemic disease - ANSWER-False
T or F: A CBC will help distinguish between viral and bacterial AGE - ANSWER-
False
- / 4