NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam Study Guide Bacterostatic (ANS- kills the bacteria
bacteriocidal (ANS- kills the bacteria and stops the growth or spread of the infection
Bacteriostatic drugs (ANS- clindamycin macrolides sulfonamides tetracyclines
Bactericidal drugs (ANS- ahminoglycosides beta-lactums fluroquinolones Metronidazole Streptogramins vancomycin
anti-microbial resistance (ANS- 1.) not knowing if the pt had recent use of antibiotics 2.) provider overuse of broad=spectrum antibiotics 3.) not performing susceptibility testing 4.) Age younger than 2 years or older than 65 years 5.) Daycare center attendance 6.) Exposure to young children 7.) Multiple medical co-morbidities 1 / 4
8.) Immunosuppression
subclasses of Beta-lactams PCNS (ANS- natural PCNS aminopenicillins anti-staphylococcal PCNs extended Spectrum PCNs
Pharmacodynamics of Beta-lactam PCNs (ANS- inhibit biosynthesis of bacterial wall (beta-lactam ring)
1st line therapy for Strep pharyngitis.(ANS- penicillin V
1st line therapy for all bites (ANS- Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin)
Natural PCN's, Drugs (ANS- Penicillin V potassium (ledercillin) Penicillin G sodium (PCN G-Na) Penicillin G procaine (Duracillin) Penicillin G benzathine (Permapen) Penicillin G potassium (Pfizerpen)
Natural PCNs active against (ANS- aerobic gram (+) organisms
Aminopenicillins active against (ANS- Gram (-) organisms
Aminopenicillins Drugs (ANS- Amoxicillin Ampicillin 2 / 4
Combinations:
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)
1st lines therapy for acute otitis media (AOM) & sinusitis (ANS- Amoxicillin
When aminopenicillins are combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors (ANS- their spectrum in broadened
beta-lactamase inhibitors that can be combined with aminopenicillins (ANS- clavulanate, sulbactam, & tazobactam
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins drugs (ANS- Nafcillin Oxacillin Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin Methicillin
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins active against (ANS- Streptococcus, MSSA, some coagulase-negative staphylococci, peptostreptococcus
Anti-pseudomonal penicillin drugs (ANS- piperacillin ticarcillin
combination:
piperacillin/taxobactam
ticarcillin/clavulanate
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Anti-pseudomonal penicillins active against (ANS- gram (-) organisms
1st generation cephalosporins drugs (ANS- Cephradine (Anspor) Cefazolin (ancef) Cefadroxil (Duricef) Cephalexin (keflex)
2nd generation cephalosporins drugs (ANS- Cefuroxime sodium (Zinacef) Cefuroxime (Ceftin) Cefaclor Cefprozil Cefotetan (Cefotetan) Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
3rd generation cephalosporins drugs (ANS- Cefdinir (Omincef) Cefpodoxime (Vantin) Cefotaxime (Celizox) Ceftazidime Fortax) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) Cedax Cefixime (Suprax)
4th generation cephalosporins drugs (ANS- Cefepime (Maxipime)
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