NR 565 FINAL EXAM ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY

NR 565 FINAL EXAM ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY

(ACTUAL 2025/2026) EXAM 220 QUESTIONS WITH

VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+ CHAMBERLAIN

MOA Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors - <<>>Enhance the activity of incretins (by inhibiting their breakdown by DPP-4) and thereby increase insulin release, reduce glucagon release, and decrease hepatic glucose production

sitagliptin (Januvia) Saxagliptin(onglyza) Linagliptin (Tradjenta) Alogliptin(Nesina)

MOA Sulfonylureas - <<>>Promote insulin secretion by the pancreas; may also increase tissue response to insulin

Glyburide Glipizide Glimepiride

MOA Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors - <<>>Increase glucose excretion via the urine by 1 / 3

inhibiting SGLT-2 in the kidney tubules, decreasing glucose levels and inducing weight loss by caloric loss through the urine

canagliflozin (Invokana) dapagliflozin (Farxiga) empagliflozin (Jardiance)

Metoclopramide concerns - <<>>Long-term high- dose therapy can cause irreversible tardive dyskinesia, characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the arms, legs, and facial muscles.

Patient teaching for metronidazole - <<>>Do not take with alcohol

Passive Immunity - <<>>The immunity that occurs naturally. This type of immunity is passed on when an antibody is produced in another host.

e.g. immunity is passed on from a mother to her infant or by artificial administration of antibody-containing formulations.

Active Immunity - <<>>When the immune system produces antibodies in response to an antigen by the vaccine, or by the infection itself. 2 / 3

e.g. if a person who has never had hepatitis B contracts hepatitis B and recovers from it, that person becomes immune to hepatitis B because of the immune system's antibody response to the hepatitis B virus.

herd immunity - <<>>the resistance to an infectious organism because a large group of people is immune to the infectious organism through immunization/vaccine. Herd or Community immunity is contingent on the likelihood individuals are prone to the infection will encounter the infected person.

e.g most of the people in the community are immune to an infectious disease, which means everyone does not need immunity to prevent the spread of the infection.

vaccine - <<>>is a preparation containing whole or fractionated microorganisms. Administration causes the recipient's immune system to manufacture antibodies directed against the microbe.

DTaP contraindications - <<>>if a prior vaccination with DTaP produced (1) an immediate anaphylactic reaction or (2) encephalopathy within 7 days of vaccination.

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