NR 601 - Primary Care of the Maturing and Aged Family Exam 2023 Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified Type 1 Diabetes - Correct Answer Characterized by severe insulin deficiency related to beta cell destruction.Immune mediated- 1A Idiopathic - 1B Type 2 Diabetes - Correct Answer Characterized by abnormal secretion of insulin or insulin resistance.Prediabetes - Correct Answer Elevated glucose with impaired tolerance. Does not meet type 2 diabetes diagnosis criteria.Type 1 Diabetes Risk Factors - Correct Answer Younger age, Caucasian/European decent, Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors - Correct Answer Genetics, Obesity, AA, HTN, older than 45yo, HDL <35mg/dl, Triglycerides > 250mg/dl, minorities.Diabetes Diagnostic Criteria - Correct Answer A1c >6.5, Fasting Glucose >126, Random Glucose >200, Symptoms, Glucose Tolerance Test >200. Confirmation with repeat testing.Type 1 Diabetes Initial Treatment - Correct Answer Normalize blood glucose with insulin. Goal sugar level AC 80-130. A1C <7% Type 2 Diabetes Initial Treatment - Correct Answer Lifestyle changes, nutrition and exercise counseling, balance and flexibility training. 500-700calories/day for weight loss. 150min/week divided x3 days for exercise.If A1C >10- insulin If A1C >7.5- metformin and 2nd agent If A1C<7.5- metformin and lifestyle changes Insulin side effects - Correct Answer hypoglycemia 1 / 2
Metformin side effects - Correct Answer GI upset, lactic acidosis Diabetes treatment in Healthy older adult - Correct Answer A1C goal <7.5%, FBS 90-130, HS glucose 90- 150, BP <140/90, RX -Statin unless contraindicated Diabetes treatment in Complex older adult - Correct Answer With multiple chronic illnesses; A1C goal <8%, FBS 90-150, HS glucose 100-180, BP <140/90, RX -Statin unless contraindicated Diabetes treatment in End-Stage older adult - Correct Answer Poor health/end stage diseases; A1C goal <8.5%, FBS 100-180, HS glucose 110-200, BP <150/90, consider -Statin benefit for secondary prevention.A1C level denoting strong control - Correct Answer A1C 7% or below A1C level denoting low risk for complications - Correct Answer A1C <6.5% Weight Loss in Diabetes - Correct Answer Aids in decreasing A1C, decreases insulin resistance, Metformin can be used to assist if BMI >35 or patient has gestational DM.This is not recommended in frail elderly r/t risk of sarcopenia.Diabetes Evaluations Required at F/U visit - Correct Answer Response and toleration of treatment, BP, home glucose control, medication reconciliation, foot exam, urine/kidney check (Labs), A1C check (every 3-6 mos), Neuro check (r/o neuropathies), immunization check, and oral examination.Diabetes Evaluations Required Annually - Correct Answer Eye examination, EKG, Lipid panel.Diabetes Referrals - Correct Answer When complications are present (per complication specialty) A1C>13 or FBS >300 (endocrine specialty) For annual eye exam Diabetes Educator Specialty care for comorbidities as well
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