NR283 EXAM Latest Questions with Correct Answers

pg. 1 NR283 EXAM/ Latest Questions with Correct Answers/ Updated 2024/2025.

Based on which factors are the number and types of tests needed to confirm an alteration in health chosen? - ANSWER - - condition of the person

• pathophysiological process suspected
• cues related to body system

Risk factors that can not be prevented - ANSWER - -gender at birth

• family history

Risk factors that can prevented health alteration - ANSWER - - eating a well balanced diet

• maintaining a healthy weight
• exercising regularly
• reducing stress

primary prevention - ANSWER - when done consistently, works together to keep the body strong and health

genetics - ANSWER - the study of heredity, the expression of the traits passed on through generation

genome - ANSWER - - represent all of your DNA

• contain the scientific info needed to build and maintain organism throughout its life

Genomics - ANSWER - study of genomes

Human Genome Project - ANSWER - to map or locate, genetic information on specific chromosomal locations to learn how a person's genetic structure contributes to disease 1 / 4

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Autosomal recessive disorder of a single gene - ANSWER - sickle cell anemia is why type of disorder

genetically male XY - ANSWER - most likely to experience X-linked diseases that carry a dominant gene on the X-chromosome where there is no back up gene on the Y chromosome

gene - ANSWER - blueprints for how protein are coded within all cells

• coding determine how the it is expressed or seen in the body

In which ways are genomics transforming the world? - ANSWER - can be used to discover treatments for rare genetic conditions, edit genes within plants to create new variations, or provide a means for people to understand their heritage (DNA testing) -DNA sequencing

• human genomic variation
• cancer genomics
• human origins and ancestry
• agriculture
• genomes at work
• rare genetic diseases
• pharmacogenomics
• noninvasive prenatal genetic testing

-enhanced forensics -microbes and microbiomes

• direct-to-consumer genomic testing
• the natural world
• genome editing
• social context

alleles - ANSWER - inheritance of specific features are determine by

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pg. 3 autosomal disorders - ANSWER - disorders carries on human chromosomes other than the X or Y chromosomes.

autosomal recessive - ANSWER - two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease or trait to develop

Autosomal-Dominant Disorders - ANSWER - adult polycystic kidney disease

Autosomal-Dominant Disorders - ANSWER - huntington chorea

Autosomal-Dominant Disorders - ANSWER - marfan syndrome

Autosomal-Recessive Disorders - ANSWER - Cystic fibrosis

Autosomal-Recessive Disorders - ANSWER - sickle cell anemia

X-linked Dominant Disorder - ANSWER - fragile x syndrome

X-linked recessive disorders - ANSWER - color blindness, duchenne muscular dystrophy, hemophilia

Multifactoral Disorders - ANSWER - Cleft lip and palate Clubfoot Congenital heart disease Type II diabetes

Chromosomal Disorders - ANSWER - Down syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Turner syndrome

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pg. 4 Developmental Disorders - ANSWER - referred to as chromosomal disorders, occur at birth and may not have an inherited genetic component

TORCH - ANSWER - T: Toxoplasmosis

O: Other diseases (syphilis, coxsackievirus, varicella zoster, AIDS, and chlamydia)

R: Rubella

C: Cytomegalovirus

H: Herpes simplex virus

Multifactorial Disorders - ANSWER - - result of an interaction between genes and the environment

• present at birth (e.g., cleft lip or palate) or they may be expressed later in life (e.g., hypertension).

Environmental influences include infections, chemicals, and radiation

Pre-Pregnancy Screening - ANSWER - Individuals with a personal or family history of inherited genetic disorders can complete DNA testing to discover if they carry genes that can be passed to their children

Prenatal Screening and Testing - ANSWER - Early diagnosis of genetic disorders can give reassurance to high-risk families, provide time to plan for the special needs of an affected child, or time to make an informed decision about aborting the pregnancy. Prenatal DNA screening can also establish the paternity of the child if that is in doubt.

Prenatal testing - ANSWER - ultrasonography (visualize abnormalities), maternal blood tests (testing for fetal substances), amniocentesis (removing amniotic fluid using a needle), or chorionic villus sampling (also obtained using a needle)

amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling - ANSWER - place the mother and fetus at risk for infection and miscarriage.

Neonatal Screening and Testing - ANSWER - - newborns do not show metabolic disorders in the first two days of life because the maternal kidneys have been active

• After about 48 hours, a heel stick can be used to obtain blood for genetic testing
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