NR507/ NR 507 Midterm Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Complete Guide with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct | Grade A – Chamberlain Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of - ANSWER Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune system?(Appear first in any immune response) - ANSWER Neutrophils Hives (Urticaria) are an example of a - ANSWER Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction Type 2 (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by: - ANSWER IgG or IgM Anaphylaxis is a - ANSWER Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction 1 / 4
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by - ANSWER IgE and mast cells Example of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - ANSWER Hay fever Most dangerous form of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - ANSWER Anaphylactic reaction systemic response causing hypotension and severe bronchoconstriction Local symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity - ANSWER Itching, rash Systemic symptoms of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction - ANSWER Wheezing Main treatment of anaphylaxis - ANSWER Epinephrine 2 / 4
Example of Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction - ANSWER ABO incompatibility Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism) Primary effector cells involved in Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions - ANSWER Macrophages Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions - ANSWER -Tissue specific -Can cause tissue damage or alter function Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by - ANSWER Caused by cytotoxic T cells attacking tissue directly (no antibody) Which of the following is the underlying pathology for hay fever? - ANSWER Mast cell degranulation Damage occurs with ABO incompatibility because - ANSWER Complement damages RBC membrane causing RBC lysis 3 / 4
Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in a patient who presents with urticaria? - ANSWER Eosinophilia Example of Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction - ANSWER Contact dermatitis (poison ivy, metal allergy) Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions - ANSWER - Are NOT organ specific
- antigen-antibody complex deposited in tissues
- Discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
- photosensitivity (development of skin rash as a results of sunlight exposure)
- oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
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Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction examples - ANSWER Rheumatoid Arthritis Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) Scope of Damage of SLE - ANSWER - Facial rash confined to the cheeks (malar rash)