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NREMT - TRAUMA EXAM Questions and Answers (Verified by Expert)
- Damaged small blood vessels beneath the skin following blunt trauma
causes:
A:mottling.
B:ecchymosis.
C:hematoma.
D:cyanosis.: B;
Reason:
When small blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged, blood seeps into the soft tissues. This manifests as a bruise, also referred to as ecchymosis. A hematoma develops when larger blood vessels are ruptured and the internal bleeding forms a "lump." Cyanosis is a blue or purple discoloration of the skin and signifies a low content of oxygen in the blood. Mottling occurs when the skin takes on a blotched, purple appearance and is a sign of shock (hypoperfusion).
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- During transport of a patient with a head injury, which of the following will
provide you with the MOST information regarding the patient's condition?
A:Heart rate
B:Mental status
C:Pupil size
D:Blood pressure: B;
Reason:
The patient's mental status provides you with the most information regarding overall perfusion status, especially when monitoring a patient with a head injury. Frequent neurologic assessments, which includes assessing the patient's pupils, are critical in determining if the patient's condition is improving or deteriorating. Vital signs should be monitored according to the patient's condition, at least every 5 minutes if he or she is unstable and at least every 15 minutes if he or she is stable.
- You are called to a local nightclub for an injured patient. Law enforcement
personnel have secured the scene. Upon arrival, you see a young man who is lying on the ground screaming in pain; bright red blood is spurting from an apparent stab wound to his groin area. You should: 2 / 4
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A:control the bleeding.
B:prevent hypothermia.
C:ensure an open airway.
D:apply 100% oxygen.: A; This is correct!
Reason:
This patient's airway is obviously patent; he is screaming in pain. Blood spurting from the groin area indicates arterial bleeding from the femoral artery. If this bleeding is not controlled immediately, the patient will die. Oxygen and other shock treatment (ie, keeping him warm) should be initiated after this life-threatening bleeding is controlled. If you take the time to set up and administer oxygen prior to managing the bleeding, the patient will die. Base your treatment priorities on what will kill the patient first.
- When assessing and treating a patient with a gunshot wound, you should
routinely:
A:evaluate the pulses proximal to the wound.
B:apply ice directly to the wound.
C:determine why the patient was shot.
D:look for the presence of an exit wound.: D;
Reason:
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When assessing a patient who sustained a gunshot wound, you should routinely look for an exit wound, which may be difficult to find. Exit wounds can be a source of continued bleeding, both externally and internally. They may or may not follow the same path as the entrance wound. This is why it is important to conduct a thorough examination of the patient. Ice can be applied to the wound, but only after the wound has been covered by a sterile dressing. Determining why the patient was shot is the responsibility of law enforcement, not the EMT. If the wound is close to an extremity, pulse, motor, and sensory function should be assessed distal to the wound.
- Following blunt trauma to the chest, a 33-year-old male has shallow, painful
breathing. On assessment, you note that an area to the left side of his chest collapses during inhalation and bulges during exhalation. These are signs of
a/an:
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