NRS 533 EXAM 1 - MODULE 3 QUEXTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
NameRthreeRpathophysiologicalRtypesRofRAKIR-RCORRECTRANSWERR-Prerenal,Rinfrarenal,RpostRrenal
PrerenalRAKIRpathologyR-RCORRECTRANSWERR-30-60%RofRAKI decreasedRbloodRflowRtoRkidneys
TwoRreasonsRbloodRflowRwouldRbeRdecreasedRtoRkidneysR-RCORRECTRANSWERR-
Hypovolemic:RV/D,RbloodRloss,Rdiuretics
hypervolemicR(poorRcirculatingRvolume):RHF,Rcirrhosis,RnephroticRsyndrome
PhysicalRassessmentRofRPre-renalRAKIR-RCORRECTRANSWERR- dryRmucousRmembranes,RpoorRskinRturgor,RdecreasedRvenousRjugularRpressure,Rhypotension
TreatmentRofRPre-renalRAKIR-RCORRECTRANSWERR- fluidRadministration,RincreaseRrenalRbloodRflow,RmonitorRcardiacRresponse
IntrarenalRAKIRPathologyR-RCORRECTRANSWERR-(40%) IschemiaRdueRtoRdecreasedRbloodRflowR(vasodilationRfromRsepsis) severeRpre- renalRinsultR(seriousRanRprolongedRdecreaseRinRbloodRflowRtoRtheRkidneysRaffectingRtheirRfunction RnephrotoxicRagentsR(medications,RchemicalRagents,RsepticRtoxins).R
Drugs:RPPI,RNSAIDs,Rantibiotics,Rchemotherapy
InfrarenalRAKIRphysicalRassessmentR-RCORRECTRANSWERR- KidneyRbiopsyRafterRpre/postRrenalRcausesRhaveRbeenRruledRoutRUAR=RmuddyRgranularRandRepithelialRcellRc asts urineRoutputRvariableRdueRtoRdecreaseRinRGFRR(usuallyRpresentRwithRoliguria) increasedRurineRsodiumRexcretion delayedRtreatmentRresponseR 1 / 2
inabilityRtoRconcentrateRurine
DiagnosticsRandRlevelsRyouRwouldRseeRwithRIntra-renalRAKIR-RCORRECTRANSWERR-osmolalityR300- 320RmOsm/L dailyRserumRCrRlevelsRriseRbyR0.3-0.5Rmg/dL.
TreatmentRofRInfrarenalRAKIR-RCORRECTRANSWERR-Prevention identifyRhigh-riskRpatients minimizeRnephrotoxicRagentRuse volumeRstatusRmanagement maintainRkidneyRperfusion.
PostrenalRAKIRpathologyR-RCORRECTRANSWERR-ObstructionRofRurineRflowR(unilateralRorRbilateral) causesRretrogradeRpressureRandRslowRtubularRfluidRflowRandRGFR
PostrenalRAKIRpathologyRifRtemporaryR-RCORRECTRANSWERR-minimalRdamageRtoRkidneyRtissue
PostrenalRAKIRpathologyRifRprolongedR-RCORRECTRANSWERR-kidneyRtissueRdamageRandRloss
WhatRcanRhappenRd/tRconfinedRurineRoutflow?R-RCORRECTRANSWERR-polyuria
clinicalRmanifestationsRofRPostrenalRAKI/causesR-RCORRECTRANSWERR-obstructiveRuropathy:
male:RBPHR(mostRcommon),Rstones,RprostateRCA
female:RGURtractRabnormality
BladderRdistention unilateralRflankRpain
DiagnosticRfindingsRofRpostRrenalRAKIR-RCORRECTRANSWERR- variableRurineRosmolality,RspecificRgravity,RurineRNaRpositive
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