NSG 124 - Pharmacology
Exam 2
Question:
Penicillins - mechanism of action
Answer:
Weakens cell wall, causes water uptake and cell rupture; bactericidal (kills cells)
Question:
Ampicillin
Answer:
Penicillin preferred drug for gram-negative bacteria
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Question:
Patient education for Penicillins
Answer:
Take with full glass of water; take 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals; most common reaction is an allergic reaction (hives, shortness of breath, wheezing)
Question:
Cephalosporins - mechanism of action
Answer:
Binds to penicillin-binding proteins, disrupts cell wall synthesis causing cell lysis (breakdown of the outer layer); bactericidal (kills cells)
Question:
1st generation cephalosporins - therapeutic use
Answer:
Used for simple respiratory, ear, skin, urinary tract infections; not as effective for gram-negative bacteria; do not give to patients with Penicillin allergy
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Question:
1st generation cephalosporin medications
Answer:
Cefazolin, cephalexin (Keflex), cefadroxil
Question:
2nd generation cephalosporins - therapeutic use
Answer:
More effective for gram-negative bacteria; not effective against meningitis due to poor CSF concentration; do not give to patients with Penicillin allergy
Question:
2nd generation cephalosporin medications
Answer:
Cefaclor (Ceclor), cefotetan, cefoxitin, cefprozil, cefuroxime
Question:
3rd generation cephalosporin medications
Answer:
Cefdinir, cefditoren, cefixime, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ceftriaxone
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Question:
3rd generation cephalosporin - therapeutic use
Answer:
Preferred therapy due to effectiveness against many bacteria; effective against gram-negative bacteria; good CSF penetration; do not give to patients with Penicillin allergy
Question:
4th generation cephalosporins - therapeutic use
Answer:
Highest effectiveness of gram-negative bacteria; treats severe skin infections, hospital acquired pneumonia; good CSF penetration; do not give to patients with Penicillin allergy
Question:
4th generation cephalosporin medications
Answer:
Cefepime
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