NSG 530 - Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam 2
Question:
Oncogenes
ANSWER:
genes that cause cancer by blocking the normal controls on cell reproduction
Question:
Proto-oncogenes
ANSWER:
the corresponding normal cellular genes that are responsible for normal cell growth and division
Question:
Oncogene activation
ANSWER:
point mutation in RAS gene converts from regulated to unregulated
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Question:
tumor suppressor genes
ANSWER:
A gene whose protein product inhibits cell division, thereby preventing the uncontrolled cell growth that contributes to cancer.
Question:
replicative immortality
ANSWER:
normal body cells are not immortal and can only divide a limited number of times, CA cells can live forever, unlimited lifespan
Question:
Telomeres
ANSWER:
ends of chromosomes, protective caps on each chromosome
Question:
genomic instability
ANSWER:
-increased tendency for genomic mutations during life cycle of the cell -risk for cancer increases 2 / 4
-chromosome instability
Question:
Angiogenesis
ANSWER:
cancer has the ability to from and grow new and own blood vessels, giving CA cells direct access to blood vessels
Question:
metastasis
ANSWER:
The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site.
Question:
what are changes in tumor microenvironment that initiate mets?
ANSWER:
-transition into mesenchymal like loss of polarity, increase migratory capacity, increase resistance to apoptosis, ability to re-differential into other cells
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Question:
cellular dedifferentiation
ANSWER:
regeneration, cells revert to an earlier stage of development they can now separate from primary tumor and flourish in a secondary potential hostile secondary site.
Question:
Skin cancer types
ANSWER:
basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma
Question:
skin cancer risk factors
ANSWER:
- Fair skin
- Too much exposure to UV rays.
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