NSG 530 Exam 3 Wilkes
Role of digestive system (Ans- produce energy from food ingested, transfer energy-rich nutrients, water, and electrolytes into the body's internal environment
gastrointestinal tract components (Ans- mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
functions of the gastrointestinal system (Ans- movement, secretion, digestion, and absorption
alimentary canal (Ans- GI tract-digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the anus single hallow tube
Layers of the gastrointestinal tract (Ans- mucosa(outermost), submucosa, muscularis, serosa/adventitia (innermost)
enteric (intramural) plexus (Ans- controls mobility, secretion, sensation and blood flow
functions of saliva (Ans- lubrication, antibacterial action, pH regulation, thermoregulation, enzymatic digestion
phases of swallowing (Ans- oropharyngeal and esophageal
oropharyngeal swallowing (Ans- voluntary (striated) food formed into bolus and forced towards pharynx 1 / 4
esophageal swallowing (Ans- involuntary (smooth muscle) food bolus enters esophagus, peristalsis occurs to move food down to lower esophageal sphincter
how many permanent teeth are there in adults (Ans- 32
three pairs of salivary glands (Ans- parotid glands, sublingual glands, submandibular glands
Saliva has a pH of (Ans- about 7.4, used to neutralize bacterial acids and prevents tooth decay
Mucin (Ans- sticky mucus that lines digestive and respiratory tract traps microorganisms- provides lubrication
upper esophageal sphincter (Ans- Keeps air from entering the esophagus during respiration
lower esophageal sphincter (Ans- Prevents regurgitation from the stomach and caustic injury to the esophagus
Functions of the stomach (Ans- stores food secretes digestive juices mixes food with the juices propels partially digested food (chyme) into duodenum
Chyme (Ans- Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and acids in the stomach. 2 / 4
functional areas of the stomach (Ans- the fundus (upper portion), body (middle portion), and antrum (lower portion).
cardiac orifice (Ans- opening between esophagus and stomach
pyloric sphincter (Ans- ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum
Pylorus (Ans- distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
The stomach has three layers of muscle (Ans- - longitudinal, circular, and oblique (most prominent)
rugae (Ans- the folds in the mucosa lining the stomach
the stomach is impermeable to what?(Ans- water, but can absorb alcohol and aspirin as they are lipid soluble.
blood to stomach is supplied by _____?(Ans- celiac artery- abundant!
Three phases of gastric secretion (Ans-
- cephalic phase
- gastric phase
- intestinal phase
Motilin (Ans- increases peristalsis 3 / 4
Secretin (Ans- decreases peristalsis
Gastric mixing and emptying (Ans-
- Retropulsion
- Rate dependent on volume, osmotic pressure, and chemical composition
Stimulation of gastric secretion (Ans- -Eating -Gastrin -Paracrine pathways -Acetylcholine -Chemicals --Ethanol, coffee, protein
intrinsic factor (Ans- makes the absorption of vitamin B12 happen
gastroferritin (Ans- binds Fe2+ and transports it to small intestine
phases of gastric secretion (Ans-
- cephalic phase
- gastric phase
- intestinal phase
Gastric juices include (Ans-
- Pepsin, an enzyme that digests protein
- Other Enzymes
- Hydrochloric Acid
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