NSG-530 Quiz 2 Latest Version 2023 Q&A 1.A child is born prematurely and requires respiratory support. The child experiences neonatal lung injury and several weeks later develops hypoxemia and hypercapnia.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A.Pneumonia B.Bronchiolitis C.Aspiration pneumonitis D.Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - Correct Answer Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is also known as chronic lung disease of infancy and is the term used for persisting lung disease following neonatal lung injury. Bronchiolitis is a seasonal viral-induced lower respiratory tract infection that occurs in infants and toddlers. Pneumonia is inflammation and infection in the terminal airways and alveoli caused by viruses and bacteria.Aspiration pneumonia is caused by a foreign substance entering the lung and causing inflammation.
1.A patient has bulbous enlargement of the distal segments of the fingers. Which disease is associated with this condition?
A.Cystic fibrosis B.Acute pneumonia C.Sickle cell disease D.Acute myocardial infarction - Correct Answer A
This condition describes clubbing, in which there is enlargement of the distal segment of the finger. It is associated with conditions of decreased oxygenation such as bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung abscess, and congenital heart disease.
1.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pulmonary system?
A.Each lobe is divided into bronchi.B.The left lobe is divided into three lobes.C.The mediastinum contains the lungs and heart.D.The larynx connects the upper and lower airways. - Correct Answer Correct Correct
Answerwer: D
The larynx connects the upper and lower airways. The mediastinum is located between the lungs and contains the heart, great vessels, andesophagus. The right lung has three lobes, and the left lung has two. Each lobe is divided into segments and lobules
2.Which of the following is TRUE regarding acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)?
A.It is caused by injury to the bronchioles.B.It can cause severe pulmonary edema. 1 / 2
C.It is most commonly caused by exposure to inhaled irritants.D.Macrophages are not involved in response. - Correct Answer Correct Correct
Answerwer: B
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by damage that is done to the alveolar capillary membrane and causes severe pulmonary edema. The most common cause of ARDS is either sepsis or multiple trauma. Macrophages, neutrophils, complement, and endotoxins are all important mediators.
3.Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pathophysiology of asthma?
A.IgA is the major factor.B.There is decreased vascular permeability.C.Inflammation results in hyperresponsiveness.D.The inflammatory process is caused by the loss of bronchial smooth muscle spasm. -
Correct Answer Correct Correct Answerwer: C
Asthma is caused by increased bronchial smooth muscle spasm and increased vascular permeability. IgE is the major factor. There is increased capillary permeability.Inflammatory mediators cause vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, mucosal edema, bronchial smooth muscle contraction (bronchospasm), and mucus secretion from mucosal goblet cells with narrowing of the airways and obstruction to airflow.
4.A patient has right ventricular enlargement secondary to pulmonary hypertension.Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis?
A.Cor pulmonale B.Acute bronchitis C.Pulmonary embolism
D.Pulmonary thromboembolism - Correct Answer Correct Correct Answerwer: A
Cor pulmonale consists of right ventricular enlargement and failure. Acute bronchitis is an acute infection or inflammation of the airways. Pulmonary embolism is occlusion of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by an embolus. Pulmonary thromboembolism is obstruction of a pulmonary vessel by a thrombus.
active immunity - Correct Answer immunization or exposure to antigen
Vaccine types:
inactive antigen, killed organism, requires booster attenuated antigen, reducing the virulence (causes disease) of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable or "alive"
Acute bronchitis - Correct Answer ØAcute infection or inflammation of the airways or bronchi ØCommonly follows a viral illness
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