NSG 531 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 2 - Rush University (Questions & Answers) Potency Correct Ans - Dose of drug required to produce given effect; 50% of maximal response the drug is capable of producing Efficiacy Correct Ans - Maximal response a drug is capable of producing Ka Correct Ans - Volume needed to get one mole of an unbound drug when 50% of target receptors are occupied. L/mole Kd Correct Ans - Concentration of drug in the plasma when 50% of the target receptors are occupied. Mole/L Non-competitive (irreversible) antagonist LDR curve Correct Ans - Moves to the right and down Competitive (reversible) antagonist LDR curve Correct Ans - Moves to the right and parallel Synthesis of NE Correct Ans - Occurs at adrenergic neuron; Tyrosine to DOPA to dopamine to NE. Binds to alpha and beta receptors.Degraded by COMT and MAO.Bethanechol Correct Ans - Muscarinic agonist prototype. Selective, binds to M3 receptors in the bladder and causes bladder muscle contraction and sphincter relaxation.Indicated for urinary retention in postop or pp pts.
AEs: salivation, lacrimation, bronchospasm, diarrhea, and bradycardia
Pilocarpine Correct Ans - Muscarinic agonist for glaucoma. Causes ciliary muscle contraction.Atropine Correct Ans - Muscarinic antagonist prototype.Nonselective competitive muscarinic antagonist.
Indicated for: bradycardia, pupil dilation (mydriasis) for eye exams, GI
hypermotility 1 / 2
Contraindications: Glaucoma, urinary retention, tachycardia
AEs: Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, anhidrosis
Epinephrine binding affinity Correct Ans - Binds to all four adrenoreceptors but has a greater affinity for beta NE binding affinity Correct Ans - Binds to alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta
- but has greater affinity for alpha
Alpha 1 receptors Correct Ans - Eyes: produce mydriasis
Blood vessels in skin, viscera, gut, kidney, brain: vasocontriction
GU: prostate contraction and ejaculation, smooth muscle contraction of
internal urethral sphincter Phenylephrine Correct Ans - Alpha 1 receptor, prototypic agonist; used to induce mydriasis Pseudoephedrine Correct Ans - Alpha 1 receptor, prototypic agonist; nasal decongestant Doxazosin (Cardura) Correct Ans - Alpha 1 receptor prototypic antagonist; used to manage HTN Tamsulosin (Flomax) Correct Ans - Alpha 1 receptor prototypic antagonist; used to manage BPH
AE: orthostatic hypotension
Alpha 2 receptors Correct Ans - Presynaptic nerve terminals:
inhibit NT release
Blood vessels: vasoconstriction
Clonidine Correct Ans - Alpha 2 receptor prototypic agonist
Antihypertensive: inhibits NE release by binding to presynaptic alpha 2
receptors, inhibits sympathetic outflow in CNS (these are greater than vasoconstrictive effects)
Beta 1 receptors Correct Ans - Heart: increase cardiac rate
(chronotropic) and increase force of contraction (inotropic)
Juxtaglomerular cells: increase renin release
- / 2