NSG 533 - Exam 4
Anemia can contribute to: correct answercoronary ischemia
Composition of blood correct answer5.5L total. 50-55% = plasma; 90% water Erythropoesis is stimulated by... correct answererythropoetin Hemoglobin A correct answerthe majority of adult hemoglobin. 97% of circulating hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2 beta chains.HbA2 correct answerminor adult hemoglobin. 2-3% of circulating hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2 delta chains.Hemoglobin F correct answerFetal hemoglobin. 2 alpha and 2 gamma chains. Has a greater affinity for and more regularly binds O2.Anemia correct answera decrease in circulating red blood cells in the body, as reflected by a reduction in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and/or RBCs. Less than 14 in men and less than 12 in women.Normal RBC correct answer4.5-6 Normal Hemoglobin correct answer>13 in men, >12 in women.Normal HCT correct answer40-50in men; 35-45 in women. usually 3x the hemoglobin count.Reticulocyte count correct answerLow (<0.5%) High (>2%) if high, bone marrow is trying to compensate for loss in hgb or red cells. problem exists outside of the bome marrow 1 / 2
MCV (mean corpuscular volume) correct answerdescription of the volume of an RBC. NOT DIAGNOSTIC RDW (red cell distribution width) correct answer11.5-15 %; index of variation in RBC size and shape.Indicates evolving macro/microcytic anemia.
MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) correct answercommonly used: 27 - 31 pg/ cell
Amount of hemoglobin per RBC Microcytic anemia correct answerIron deficiency, thalassemia, inflammation. low MCV <80. Low reticulocyte count. Underproduction.macrocytic anemia correct answerUnderproduction. B12 deficiency, Folic Acid Deficiency, Antimetabolite drugs. MCV > 100; low reticulocyte count Normocytic Anemia correct answerMCV 80-100; low reticulocyte count; ex: dilutional/iatrogenic secondary to phlebotomy.Folate Deficiency Anemia correct answerMacrocytic anemia; poor intake; low retic, elevate MCV/MCH, thrombocytopenia ad neutropenia, elevated homocysteine; low RBC folate. Eat orange fruits! Never treat folate deficiency without testing for B12 deficiency - can worsen neurological symptoms specific to B12 deficiency Vitamin B12 Deficiency correct answerMacrocytic; malabsorption; occurs when B12 is not released from food proteins due to impaired digestion; Elevated MCV/Macrocytic; Pernicious Anemia correct answerlack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream Destruction (Hemolytic anemia) correct answeranemia with elevated reticulocytes; intrinsic and extrinsic intrinsic hemolytic anemia (hereditary) correct answer- Abnormal hemoglobin
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